Phleum pratense
Field Crops & Grasses

Timothy Grass

Phleum pratense

Timothy Grass · Light: Full sun · Water: Moderate. Typical planning ranges from OpenPlantDB (CC0). Cultivar, climate, season and growing method can change these values. Confirm the seed label and local guidance before planting.

LightFull sun
WaterModerate
DifficultyModerate
CategoryField Crops & Grasses
Account →
Climate matters. This page is a practical baseline. Confirm cultivar, local frost/heat conditions, mature size and regional restrictions before planting.

Timothy Grass — Growing reference

Scientific namePhleum pratense
Seed germination (days)7–14
Soil temperature for germination (°C)10–18.3
First harvest or flowering (days)60–70
Measured fromSeed
Plant spacing (cm)5.1–10.2
Mature height (cm)61–101.6
Mature spread (cm)10.2–20.3
USDA hardiness zones3–7
LightFull sun
WaterModerate
Sowing methodDirect sow

Growing directions

Broadcast or drill seed shallowly into a firm seedbed in late summer through early fall, or early spring in the coldest zones, since timothy establishes slowly and does poorly on droughty ground. It is the classic cool, humid-region hay and pasture grass, prized for palatability and curing quality and often seeded alongside red clover or alfalfa for a balanced hay mix. As a shallow-rooted bunchgrass it also works as a temporary cover crop between vegetable rotations, suppressing weeds and adding fibrous organic matter without becoming invasive. Mow or graze before full head emergence for the best forage quality and to encourage a thick, persistent stand.

Source and local conditions

Typical planning ranges from OpenPlantDB (CC0). Cultivar, climate, season and growing method can change these values. Confirm the seed label and local guidance before planting.

OpenPlantDB · timothy-grass-cover

Source & verification

OpenPlantDB · CC0

Open reference source ↗