High-yield cultivation technology of apple

Apple trees thrive in a variety of terrains including hillsides, hills and plains. With the continuous advancement of agricultural technology, the sales scope of apples in the domestic market has gradually expanded, and people's demand for apples has also been growing. Therefore, increasing apple yield has become a key issue that fruit farmers need to solve urgently. High-yield cultivation technology can be used to solve this problem.

1. Soil requirements

Apple trees are highly adaptable to the environment and can grow in a variety of soil conditions, even thriving in poor soil. The sandy soil in arid areas actually makes apples taste better. Therefore, apple trees are widely planted in Northwest China. During the seedling stage, choosing suitable soil and maintaining appropriate row spacing (1.0×0.5 m) can help increase yield. In addition, idle orchards can be used to grow other crops to enhance soil fertility.

2. Pruning points

During the crown expansion period of apple trees, the cutting pruning method is used to thin branches and leaves to control the growth of upright branches. Reduce pruning appropriately in the early fruiting stage and the peak fruiting stage to prevent the branches and leaves from growing too long. Pruning during the dormant period should be moderate and avoid excessive pruning. Pulling branches is an effective way to promote flowering and is usually done in April.

3. Pollination

While fruit trees in natural environments are usually pollinated by bees, artificial pollination can increase pollination rates and thus yields. At least 1,500 bees should be guaranteed per hectare of orchard, and pesticide spraying should be stopped during the pollination period. For artificial pollination, you can choose varieties that are in the bud stage and have good affinity, and the dosage is about 25 kilograms per hectare.

4. Fertilization

Apply base fertilizer in early autumn and topdressing during the growing period of fruit trees. Organic fertilizer and appropriate amount of quick-acting chemical fertilizer can be used, combining furrow application and spreading application. Fertilizer can be spread throughout the mature orchard, and farmyard manure can be applied under the trees after the fruits are harvested.

5. Disease prevention and control

Common diseases of apple trees include brown spot, ring rot, and leaf spot. Spray Bordeaux mixture before bagging the fruit and spray systemic therapeutic agents after bagging. For leaf spot disease, spray 5-7 days after the flower buds wither. Spray pesticides during the young fruit stage to prevent ring rot. The first spraying should be done 15 days after the fruit trees have flowered. Adjust the spraying intervals according to the weather and the pesticides used. Diseased branches should be cleared during spraying.

In general, as a fruit tree with strong adaptability, apple trees have relatively low requirements for the natural environment. In order to maximize yields during the planting process, fruit farmers should adopt high-yield cultivation techniques for apple tree planting.