Key points of planting and management technology of winter jujube

As an emerging popular fruit , winter jujube is favored by the market for its sweet and crisp taste and rich nutrition. To achieve high yield of winter jujube, it is necessary to master the key points of winter jujube planting and management techniques.

1. Growth environment

Winter jujube has strong adaptability and prefers loose, fertile, well-drained soil with a soil depth of at least 1.5 meters. Neutral or slightly acidic soil with a pH of 6-8 is most suitable. The suitable temperature for growth is 16-28℃, the optimum temperature is 23-25℃. It is suitable for growing in an environment with an annual rainfall of 300-800 mm and an annual sunshine hours of about 2400 hours.

2. Cultivation points

The cultivation of winter jujube trees is mostly carried out in autumn and winter, which is conducive to early fruiting and improved economic benefits. The planting density should be 80 plants per mu, with a row spacing of 2-3 meters. Before planting, dig a trench 60cm wide and 80cm deep, and apply diammonium phosphate and organic fertilizer . When transplanting, use ABT rooting powder solution to treat the roots, make sure the roots are dipped in mud before planting, and water thoroughly. Before wintering, pile up soil and apply whitewash to enhance stress resistance and disease prevention.

3. Water and fertilizer management

Arrange water and fertilizer reasonably according to the growth stage of the winter jujube tree. In autumn, apply base fertilizer heavily, and topdress with quick-acting fertilizer as the main ingredient, combined with watering. Key water and fertilizer periods include:

Bud sprouting period in mid-to-early April: Apply nitrogen fertilizer to promote bud sprouting and new shoot growth.

Flowering period in mid-to-late May: Apply nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer to improve flower bud differentiation and reduce flower drop.

Fruit expansion period from the end of June to the beginning of July: supplement potassium, calcium, boron and other trace elements to promote fruit development.

After harvesting from late September to early October: apply organic fertilizer to enhance the ability to resist the cold during the winter.

4. Flower and fruit management

Pinching: control the growth of new shoots and concentrate nutrients on flowers and fruits.

Hormone treatment: Spray gibberellins and other fruit-setting hormones to increase the fruit setting rate.

Ring barking and girdling: intercept nutrients and promote fruiting.

5. Pest and disease control

During the growth cycle of winter jujube, focus on preventing and controlling pests and diseases such as red spider mites, jujube wax scale, jujube loopers, and peach borer. A combination of physical and chemical control methods is adopted, such as lime sulfur, cypermethrin, carbendazim and other agents, as well as measures such as removing fallen leaves and plowing the soil.

In short, to achieve high yield and high quality of winter jujube, fruit farmers need to fully understand the growth patterns and characteristics of jujube trees and their diseases and pests, and carry out targeted disease and pest control and planting management to achieve the goal of improving quality and increasing production. Through the implementation of the above technical points, a solid foundation can be laid for the high yield of winter jujube, while management measures can be continuously optimized to enhance the overall competitiveness of the winter jujube industry.