Key points of high-yield cultivation technology of rapeseed

As an important oil crop in China, rapeseed is not only used as food, but is also highly favored for its ornamental value. As the planting area expands year by year, the revenue of the rapeseed industry is also increasing. This trend is due to the strong support of national policies and innovations in planting technology , such as optimization of soil structure and improvement of planting patterns. In addition, many areas have begun to implement large-scale planting and mechanized harvesting, which have significantly increased farmers' economic benefits. Let’s learn the key points of high-yield rapeseed cultivation technology.

1. Seed treatment

Before sowing, dry the seeds in the sun for 3 to 5 hours, then stir and soak them in warm water at 50 to 53 degrees for 15 to 20 minutes for disinfection to reduce diseases. After that, soak the seeds in warm water at 26 to 28 degrees for 2 to 4 hours to promote the seeds to absorb water. Finally, wash the seeds with clean water, wrap them with wet gauze, and place them in an environment of 16 to 20 degrees to keep them moist. You can sow them after the seeds turn white.

2. Timing of sowing

The best time to sow rapeseed is when the local temperature is stable at 18 to 20 degrees, to ensure that the seeds can grow in an environment of 15 to 18 degrees after germination, and have a growing period of 40 to 50 days before winter. For rapeseed that needs to be transplanted before winter, it is recommended to sow in mid-September so that the seedlings reach the appropriate age in mid-October. In most areas, rapeseed should be transplanted in mid-to-late October or early November.

3. Land preparation and fertilization

Before sowing, the soil should be watered thoroughly, and after the water has penetrated, furrows should be dug for sowing. The sowing amount per mu is about 0.5 to 0.8 kg, and the sowing depth should be controlled at 1.5 to 2 centimeters. After sowing, cover with 1.5 cm thick fine soil. The base fertilizer should be sufficient, mainly composed of decomposed farmyard manure, with appropriate amounts of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Apply 2000 to 4000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 20 to 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 to 15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1 to 2 kg of boron fertilizer per mu.

4. Thinning and finalization

After rapeseed seedlings emerge, thinning and transplanting should be carried out in time to avoid overcrowding which will lead to poor growth of seedlings. The first thinning is carried out when the seedlings grow 2 leaves, and the distance between seedlings is about 3 to 5 centimeters; the second thinning is carried out when the seedlings grow 3 leaves, and the seedlings are determined, and the distance between seedlings is controlled at 8 to 10 centimeters. When thinning out, remove weak seedlings, and when finalizing the seedlings, select strong seedlings, leaving about 40,000 seedlings per acre.

5. Field management

After the plants have taken root, tillage and loosen the soil twice before winter, and tillage again after the weather warms up in spring. Water flexibly according to the weather and soil moisture to maintain appropriate soil moisture. During the growing period, pay attention to watering at the right time to promote the filling of the pods. Tip the seeds at the right time to promote branching and pod formation.

6. Winter management

During the winter, pay attention to keeping warm and preventing frost, and drain water in time after rain and snow. If necessary, apply winter fertilizer from the end of December to the beginning of January. In case of low temperature damage, remove the damaged parts in time and apply nitrogen fertilizer to restore growth. Paclobutrazol can be sprayed to enhance antifreeze ability.

7. Fertilization strategy

Seedling-raising fertilizer: 10 days after transplanting, apply 5 to 6 kg of urea or 8 to 10 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per mu.

Fertilizer to promote bolting: In the middle stage of bolting, apply 10 to 15 kg of urea or 20 to 25 kg of high nitrogen fertilizer per mu.

Flower-promoting fertilizer: During the initial flowering period, spray urea water, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid solution to increase the flowering and pod setting rate. If necessary, spray carbendazim to prevent diseases during flowering period.

The above is an introduction to the key points of high-yield cultivation technology of rapeseed. Due to differences in temperature, humidity and climatic conditions in different regions, the sowing time of rapeseed should be flexibly determined based on the actual local temperature and soil moisture conditions.