How to grow sunflowers for high yields (sunflower field management techniques and planting tips)

Green cultivation of sunflowers refers to following a sustainable sunflower cultivation process and reducing raw material and energy consumption in a pollution-free ecological environment through harmless and low-hazard innovative processes and technologies.

At the same time, we adopt integrated pest and disease control technology, focus on prevention, create an environment conducive to the growth of sunflowers, and scientifically and rationally select high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue chemical pesticides.

This can reduce environmental pollution during the production process, achieve low-input, high-yield, low-pollution planting, and enable it to meet national green food standards.

1. Planting soil

Choose a piece of land that is flat and easy to irrigate and drain. Such land has a high moisture content, medium fertility, and low salt content, which is conducive to seed absorption and germination, and improves the emergence rate.

If you miss this time, the soil will go back into the process. During the salinity period, salt accumulates on the soil surface, affecting the sowing effect.

2. Planting

The sowing time has a decisive influence on the start of flowering. Diseases during the flowering period will seriously reduce the yield and quality. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the sowing time of sunflowers.

Depending on the appropriate temperature (18 to 25 degrees) and the presence of salt and alkali, it can be sown at a ground temperature of 5cm for 4 to 5 days. And stabilized at 8 to 10 degrees, usually 5 to 7 days. The sprouts are around, so the flowering period avoids the harm of high temperature, high humidity season and saline-alkali season.

Temperature control: The sunflower is in the appropriate temperature range. The higher the temperature, the faster it develops.

We can control the temperature above 2 degrees to promote seed germination based on the characteristics of strong adaptability such as temperature, cold resistance and salt-alkali resistance. When the temperature reaches 4 to 5 degrees, the seeds will germinate and take root.

Water control Sunflower plants are tall and have many leaves, so they consume more water. They grow faster in the rainy season, and the water demand is relatively large from bud to flowering to maturity. At this time, it is necessary to ensure that there is enough water to ensure the stability of yield and oil content.

Sunflower seedlings have strong phototropism in their leaves and disks. Sunflowers have enough light to increase the fruiting rate and plump seeds .

3. Planting density

Reasonable density The planting density of sunflowers varies according to the variety. Generally speaking, sunflowers should be planted sparsely, while oil sunflowers should be planted sparsely. Varieties with sparse leaves, tall stems, and long petioles should be planted less. Early-maturing varieties should be planted densely, while late-maturing varieties should be planted sparsely.

In addition, dense planting should be carried out on land with large fertilizer application, high soil fertility and high rainfall, and sparse planting should be appropriately carried out on saline-alkali land. The reference standard for planting density is:

Intensive plantings of 30,000 to 37,500 sunflower plants per hectare; 45,000 to 52,500 plants per hectare for intensive plantings of hybrids. Oil sunflower is intensively planted at a density of 45,000 to 60,000 plants per hectare .

4. Scientific fertilization

Sunflowers require a lot of fertilizer and a lot of potassium . For every 100 kg of sunflower seeds produced, about 15 kg of potassium fertilizer is needed, and for every 100 kg of sunflower seeds produced, 17 kg of potassium fertilizer is needed.

To increase the oil content, 1.3 kg of phosphorus fertilizer is required for every 100 kg of sunflower seeds produced.

For every 100 kg of sunflower seeds produced, 1.9 kg of phosphorus fertilizer is required.

In order to enhance vegetative growth and promote luxuriant branches and leaves, 7.2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is absorbed for every 100 kg of sunflower seeds produced, and 7.5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is absorbed for every 100 kg of sunflower seeds produced.

According to the growth characteristics of sunflower dicotyledonous crops, it is difficult to unearth the topsoil. Coupled with the influence of land preparation, sowing quality and pests and diseases, it is easy to cause a shortage of seedlings.

It is better to replant without seedlings than to replant. It is best to plant a pair in the true leaf stage, and the survival rate of transplantation can reach more than 90%.

5. Improve pollination rate

Sunflower is a typical insect-transmitted cross-pollination crop. The flowering period of a single plant is 8 to 12 days, and the flowering period of plants in the field can last for 14 to 17 days.

Due to the extremely limited wind pollination, the self-pollination rate is only 0.36% to 1.43%, and the fruiting rate is low. Usually, it mainly depends on the pollination of bees and relies on the release of bees in the field.

When the sunflower blooms, the lower leaves of the plant begin to turn yellow and fall off. Therefore, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed in the late growth period to prevent rot and protect the leaves, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed in the filling period.

From the budding to the end of flowering, sunflowers have a great demand for water. Usually, furrow irrigation is used, watering is done first after the budding appears, and then watering is done after the flowering and filling period. Watering should be done in time. And drainage irrigation is done well to facilitate the discharge of excess salt water.

In order to ensure excellent sowing results of sunflowers, the field should be plowed 2 to 3 times, the number of spraying should be reduced, and fertilizer should be applied reasonably during the process of weeding and loosening the soil, breaking and compacting, retaining water, reducing evaporation, and lowering salinity.

6. Pest and disease control

The prevention and control of sunflower diseases and pests are mainly manual and physical control. Sunflower sclerotinia is caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

When the disease is severe, the plants will shrivel and die. If you find diseased plants, pull them out and destroy them immediately, or deepen the soil and seeds.

During disinfection and sowing, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added to increase the plant's disease resistance and reduce the spread and infection of disease sources.

Among the factors that affect the income of sunflower cultivation, production cost and profit margin are the main factors. There is no strict dependence between the cost and unit output of green and ordinary sunflower cultivation.

However, farmers' management and operation behaviors in planting have a significant impact on yield. It can be said that a reasonable and effective planting and operation model can not only reduce costs, but also increase yields.

Under the condition of scattered planting by farmers, the market price risk of production materials is irresistible. The production cost is significantly affected by the market price of raw materials, or the labor cost is large, and the dependence on technical links, etc. will lead to an increase in production costs.