Greenhouse strawberry planting technology and management

Strawberry fruit is delicious, nutritious, fragrant and tasty, and is known as the "Queen of Fruits ". With its short growth cycle and quick results, it has become the fastest-growing fruit industry in China. Currently, it is mainly cultivated in greenhouses. Let's talk about greenhouse strawberry cultivation technology and management.

1. Natural environment regulations

1. Simple greenhouse

Vegetable greenhouses should be simple greenhouses located in a sunny and wind-sheltered area with irrigation conditions, flat terrain and rich soil (soil pH between 5.8 and 6.3). The east side of the greenhouse is best. The length and span of the greenhouse should be determined according to the terrain characteristics, with the convenience of management and reduction of project costs as the prerequisite. The length is usually 60 to 90 meters, and the span is 7 to 8 meters. Greenhouses usually use a short back slope structure. The ridge is 2.9 to 4.3 meters high, the back slope is 1 to 1.6 meters long, the wall is 1.9 to 3.2 meters high and 0.6 meters thick, with a 0.6 to 1 meter trench inside the wall. Dig an anti-freeze ditch with a depth of 0.6 meters and a width of 0.7 meters 0.6 km in front of the shed, put chopped grass on the ditch, and cover it with soil and tamp it down.

2. Buckle film

Choose a sunny and windless afternoon to buckle the film. First, buckle the 10-meter-wide greenhouse film on the arch wall and spread it. Use 5 to 6 wooden rafters with a length of 1.6 to 2.2 meters to roll up and tighten the two sides of the greenhouse film, and fix it on the gables on both sides of the object. Finally, press the greenhouse film at the north end of the greenhouse on the soil trough, cover and tamp the soil, and then buckle the narrow 2.3-meter greenhouse film on the south end of the greenhouse, add the large film on the top, press it on the soil trough, and cover and compact it. After buckling the film, tie a film pressing line every 2 meters on the film, with a total of 28 lines. The two sides of the film pressing line are fixed above and below the anchor lines on the north and south sides of the greenhouse. Tighten the film pressing line to prevent the film from being lifted by strong wind.

2. Selection and transplanting of greening seedlings

1. Transplanting in separate sheds

The appropriate time for transplanting is mid-to-late September, and the latest should not exceed October. Water the nursery thoroughly once on the day of digging the seedlings to avoid root damage as much as possible, and transplant them in different sheds according to the size of the seedlings. If you choose to grow seedlings in nutrient pots, take off the plastic pots when planting. The spacing between plants in the Fengxiang greenhouse is about 20 cm, and 2,500 to 3,000 plants are planted in each greenhouse, which is equivalent to 90,000 to 104,000 plants per mu.

2. Fixed planting

Use fixed planting, plant 2 rows in each of the 5 middle beds, and plant as close to the sides as possible (the row spacing is controlled at about 30 cm) so that the strawberry seedlings are transplanted with their backs arched to both sides of the bed. Single row planting is carried out in the two beds on both sides of the greenhouse. The transplanting depth 1 must be appropriate. The tip of the new stem must be buried, but the core of the seedling (the part of the outer leaf stipules) cannot be buried in the soil. Water immediately after transplanting to stabilize the roots. It will take about 10 days for the seeds to survive. Combine weeding with turning the soil and mulching the roots between the plants. Often remove dead, old, and diseased leaves and do a good job of seedling replacement in a timely manner.

3. Cultivation Technology

1. Temperature management method

During the leaf expansion and bud opening period, the temperature should be moderately higher, with 20-30℃ during the day and 12-15℃ at night. If the temperature is too high, the stamens will extend too quickly. Be careful to let the wind out. The best temperature for flowering is 20-20℃ during the day and 8-10℃ at night. Good ventilation is required. The best temperature for fruit expansion is 16-26℃ during the day and 5-7℃ at night. If the temperature is too high, the fruit will not expand easily. Therefore, the best temperature during picking is around 20℃ during the day and around 6℃ at night, and avoid too high a temperature.

2. Management methods during flowering period

Honey bees or wall bees are raised in the greenhouse for pollination. Since the ventilation in the greenhouse is not good, the pollination in nature is poor. Bees can help blueberries in greenhouses to be pollinated, increase the fruit setting rate, and reduce the number of deformed fruits. The activity temperature of bees is 16-30℃, which is exactly the same as the temperature management method during the flowering period in the greenhouse (20-20℃). One box of bees can be raised in one greenhouse. It should be placed on the southwest side of the greenhouse, with the entrance and exit of the beehive facing east and south to prevent the bees from falling or hitting the poles when flying out.

3. Liquid fertilizer management method

The time for fertilization is mainly determined by the growth of the main stem, the color of the tea leaves, etc. The blueberry harvest period in the greenhouse is long. A lot of nutrients will be consumed in the middle and late stages of fruiting, and the main stem will weaken. The key to fertilizing is to carry out the fruiting period. 0.4-0.6% paclobutrazol and 0.5% urea solution can be applied to the leaves. Appropriate watering should be done every quarter to keep the environmental humidity in the greenhouse at a relative humidity of 75% to 90%. The environmental humidity should be lower during the flowering period, usually 65%. But be careful to avoid excessive road surface and relative humidity. When the humidity and temperature in the greenhouse are high, it is easy to be infected by gray mold, powdery mildew, etc. The key to adjusting temperature and humidity is ventilation.

4. Pest Control

Blueberry diseases can be prevented by selecting varieties with strong resistance, cultivating strong seedlings, using soil disinfectants, and improving planting management methods. It is forbidden to spray pesticides during the flowering and fruiting period, but chemical pesticides can be sprayed before blooming for prevention and treatment.

1. Powdery mildew

Prevention should be carried out in the early stage of the disease. If the disease spreads seriously, prevention will be difficult. You can spray 1500 times more air oxidomycin hydrate, 700-1500 times 75% thiophanate-methyl, 700 times 60% thiophanate-methyl, 3500 times 20% triadimefon, etc. Spray the pesticide on the back of the leaves as much as possible.

2. Budworm

They usually live in groups on the back of leaves and petioles, sucking sap, which weakens the growth of the main stem and stops the growth of the rhizome. In severe cases, it causes the young leaves to curl. Budworms are also a key vector for spreading strawberry virus diseases. Aphids are more likely to occur in greenhouses than in open field cultivation, so care should be taken to prevent them. Chemical control can be achieved by spraying 3000 times of 50% malathion solvent, 3500 times of 50% oxydemeton-methyl solvent, 3500 times of 20% pyrethroid solvent, or by fumigation with smoke. Drugs should be used alternately to prevent drug resistance.

5. Harvest and post-harvest management methods

Greenhouse blueberries are mainly fresh and can be harvested when about 75% of the fruit surface is bright red. Picking should be done several times every 1 to 2 days, and should be carried out between 8 and 10 in the morning or 4 to 6 in the afternoon. Each time the harvest is carried out, all the fruits that are suitable for maturity must be picked. The temperature is low in winter and early spring, so the fruits should be harvested when they are 80% to 90% mature. After early spring, the temperature warms up and the harvest period can be moderately advanced. Picking should be carried out between 8 and 10 in the morning or between 4 and 6 in the afternoon. Do not pick fresh fruits or sun-dried fruits to prevent them from rotting. When picking, be sure to hold the flowers gently, pick them gently, and place them with care without damaging the calyx. At the same time, classify them, and pack them.

That’s it