Which month is better to plant peanuts?

Peanuts generally prefer warm climatic conditions, so suitable temperatures are essential for their growth. The best starting temperature for peanut sowing is about 12℃, while the best temperature range for flowering is 23-28℃, and the minimum should not be lower than 19℃. When the temperature at a depth of 10 cm in the soil is stably above 15°C for 5 consecutive days, it is suitable for peanut sowing. Let’s learn which month is best to plant peanuts?

Which month is better to plant peanuts?

The best time to plant peanuts varies from region to region, but generally speaking, the following time periods are more suitable:

1. Northern Region

The suitable sowing period for spring open-field cultivation of large peanuts in the north is from mid-April to early May, that is, from "Guyu" to "Lixia". The spring peanut sowing time in the early-maturing peanut area of ​​Northeast China is in early to mid-May.

2. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

The best time to sow spring peanuts in the southern hilly areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, northern Jiangxi, and the Sichuan Basin is from late March to early April.

3. Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau

The sowing time in the peanut area of ​​the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the spring peanut area of ​​southern Yunnan is from late March to late April.

4. Northwest China

The suitable sowing time in the Northwest Inland Peanut Area, Gansu, Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang is from late April to early May.

5. Southern Region

In the southern regions, planting can be done in spring or autumn. Spring planting is usually in March, and autumn planting is in July-August. The suitable sowing period in the south is from February to mid-March.

Key points of peanut sowing technology

1. Variety selection

In China, there are many varieties of peanuts, and it is crucial to select high-quality varieties that are suitable for local climate and soil conditions. You should choose seeds with full grains, bright color, high uniformity and clear texture. The seeds should be uniform in size, not too large or too small. When purchasing seeds, choose a reputable merchant who offers reasonable prices, and ask for a purchase receipt for your records.

High-yield and high-quality varieties are the key to achieving high peanut yields. For spring-sown peanuts, it is advisable to choose varieties with concentrated flowering and fruiting, high plumpness rate, high kernel and oil yield rates, and strong ecological adaptability. Peanuts should be shelled 10 to 15 days before sowing. Before shelling, choose a sunny day to dry the peanuts for 2 to 3 days to reduce the moisture content of the seeds, promote water absorption and rapid germination.

2. Seed treatment before sowing**

Before sowing, for every 30 kilograms of peanut seeds , use 100 ml of 30% chlorpyrifos microcapsule suspension, 50 ml of 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent, and 30 ml of 40% rust·foam seed treatment suspension, add appropriate amount of water, mix well and then mix with the seeds. This can effectively prevent and control a variety of diseases and pests such as white grubs, aphids, white rot, root rot, etc., with an effective period of 80 to 90 days, promote root growth, increase yield and quality, and the yield increase effect can reach 10% to 30%.

3. Reasonable fertilization

Peanuts require a variety of fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sulfur. Among them, the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is relatively high, with a ratio of about 3:0.4:1. Fertilization is mainly organic fertilizer , supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, and foliar spraying is carried out in the middle and late stages according to the growth trend.

Base fertilizer: includes base fertilizer and seed fertilizer. Base fertilizer is applied before tilling the land, and seed fertilizer is applied in concentrated form during sowing. Base fertilizer accounts for more than 80% of the total fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, combined with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Generally, 1,500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 15 to 20 kg of phosphorus fertilizer are applied per mu. For soil with poor fertility, appropriate amounts of urea and superphosphate can be applied. To improve the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer can be composted for 15 to 20 days. When sowing, you can use rhizobium agents to mix the seeds to increase the effective rhizobia. In addition, use 0.2 to 0.3% ammonium molybdate or 0.01 to 0.1% boric acid aqueous solution to mix or soak seeds to supplement trace elements.

Top dressing: Apply top dressing in time according to the growth of peanuts. Top dressing should be done during the seedling stage before flowering. Generally, 10 to 15 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied per mu, combined with tillage and soil cultivation. During the pod-setting stage, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea solution on the leaves to prevent premature aging, promote the formation of full pods, and increase yield. In the case of lack of fertilizer during the pod-setting and fruit-filling period, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2% urea can be sprayed on the leaves 1 to 2 times to protect the roots and leaves and increase the fruit setting rate and fruit-filling rate.

4. Sowing at the right time

The sowing depth should be flexibly controlled according to soil quality, moisture conditions, temperature and groundwater. Clay soil should be sown shallowly, generally 3.3 to 5 cm deep; sandy and sandy soils should be sown deeply, 5 to 7 cm deep. When the soil moisture conditions are poor, the seeds can be sown deeply; when the soil moisture conditions are good, the seeds can be sown shallowly.

Reasonable density planting: There are various ways to sow peanuts, and the sowing density varies depending on the sowing tools and methods. It is usually calculated based on the sowing weight per acre, and common mechanical sowing is 8,000 to 10,000 holes per acre. It is recommended to sow 2 seeds in each hole when there are 8,000 holes per mu. When the sowing density is high, the 1-2-1 or 1-1-1 pattern can be adopted. When the sowing density is low, the number of seeds per hole should be appropriately increased.

Sowing method

1. Increase moisture for sowing: When the topsoil is dry and the bottom soil is moist enough, compact it in the afternoon of the previous day to increase the moisture of the topsoil and sow the next day.

2. Sowing in moist soil: In production areas with irrigation conditions, dig furrows and irrigate the soil before sowing, cover the soil and keep the soil moist, and sow on the second or third day.

3. Moisture preparation and sowing: In non-irrigation areas, make small ridges after the soil thaws to maintain moisture conditions. When sowing, harrow the dry soil into the furrows for sowing.

4. Sowing with shells: There are two types of sowing: open field sowing with shells and sowing with shells covered with film, and the yield-increasing effect is significant. Choose medium-ripe large peanut varieties with plump kernels, soak them in warm water, dry them, and then sow them.

5. Prevention and control of common diseases and pests

Common diseases include wilt, leaf spot, anthracnose, angular leaf spot, etc., which can be controlled alternately with carbendazim, methyl thiophanate, mancozeb, etc. Insect pests include red spiders, aphids and underground pests, which can be controlled by 70% barium polysulfide wettable powder, imidacloprid, pyrethroid pesticides, etc. Underground pests can be treated by mixing chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate with soil and applying it.

To sum up, the best time to plant peanuts is from mid-to-late April to early May in spring, which is the period around Grain Rain. The temperature during this period is suitable, which is conducive to the germination and growth of peanut seeds. The climatic conditions in different regions are different, so the specific planting time needs to be determined based on local actual conditions.