How to Plant Roses in Autumn

Selection of planting area and variety

It is advisable to choose sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose soil structure, low groundwater level, good drainage and rich in organic matter, and avoid choosing heavy soil or low-lying waterlogged areas. There are many varieties of roses. Different high-quality seedlings are selected according to different purposes of garden construction. For rose gardens aimed at producing flower buds, floriferous roses, double roses or purple-branched roses can be selected. The sprouting seedlings should have 2-3 branches, and the rootstock of the grafted seedlings should have a well-developed root system. The plant height is over 30cm.

Planting time and method

Roses can be planted all year round. The roots should be kept moist during the growing season and protected from cold in winter. However, the best planting period is from after the leaves fall in autumn to before budding in spring. The best planting period is from after the leaves fall in autumn to before freezing. In order to make the plants grow as quickly as possible and expand the flower clusters, large holes must be used for planting, with the length and width of each meter and the depth of 0.6-0.8m, or a planting trench with a depth and width of 0.6-0.8m must be dug. Apply organic fertilizer n)18 and superphosphate 0.5bS per plant, mix them with the soil and apply them in a concentrated manner at a depth of 0.2-0.5m. After planting, tamp the soil firmly and water it thoroughly in time.

Soil, fertilizer and water management

1. Rhizosphere cultivation: 80% of the rose root system is horizontal roots. After the rose leaves fall or in early spring, the base of the rose should be cultivated with a thickness of 4-8 cm. This will not only thicken the soil layer of the flower cluster, promote the growth of the root system, but also increase the soil humus after the fallen leaves and weeds are buried in the soil and rot. At the same time, burying diseased leaves in the soil will also reduce the spread of pathogens.

2. Deep plowing and soil improvement should start 2-3 years after rose planting and can be carried out annually. The time is before the rose leaves fall, after the spring thaw to before budding, or after harvesting in combination with fertilization. The main method is trenching and deep plowing, starting from the outer edge of the rose bush, with a trench depth of 40-50 mm and a width of 50 mm. When deep plowing, attention should be paid to connecting with the original planting trench, leaving no partition walls, and minimizing damage to the plant's large roots.

3. Intertillage and weeding: It should be carried out during the growth period of roses, 4-5 times a year, and the depth of intertillage is generally 10-15cm. Combined with intertillage, weeds should be removed in time, especially perennial weeds and creeping climbing plants.

4. Note that if the soil is dry each time you apply fertilizer, you should water it thoroughly after applying fertilizer. From mid-August to mid-October, the branches and leaves gradually stop growing, and the nutrients accumulated by photosynthesis flow back to the root system in large quantities. During this period, organic basal fertilizer should be applied, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should no longer be applied. When applying basal fertilizer, it can be combined with deep plowing at the same time, with a dosage of 2500-50001q per 667m2, and then one winter irrigation should be carried out.

Pruning

Rose pruning can be divided into winter and spring pruning and pruning after flowering.

Pruning in winter and spring is done after the rose leaves fall and before they sprout. Thinning is the main method of pruning. Select 15-plus strong branches for each clump. If there is large space, you can cut them shorter to promote branching and ensure the yield of flowers. Rose bushes with strong growth and many old branches should be pruned heavily to concentrate nutrients, promote the sprouting of new branches, and restore growth.

Post-flowering pruning is carried out after the flowers are harvested. It is mainly used to thin out densely growing branches, crossed branches, and overlapping branches in plants with vigorous growth. However, the pruning should be light, otherwise it will cause an imbalance between the above-ground and underground areas, leading to adverse consequences.

Renewal and rejuvenation

The peak production period of roses is generally 7-8 years old. Roses after 10 years can be gradually renewed or rejuvenated. There are two main methods:

One is the one-time renewal method, that is, around the time of frost, all rose branches are cut off 5-60n from the ground, and then the rose bushes are cultivated into a bun shape with fine soil to stimulate the growth of new branches the following year. This method will produce almost no output in the second year.

The second is the annual renewal method, which is currently the most commonly used renewal method in rose production. That is, every year according to the growth of the rose bush, some of the dead branches, thin branches, aging branches and diseased and insect-infested branches should be appropriately cut off to encourage the bush to grow new branches every year and keep the bush growing vigorously, which will not reduce production and achieve the purpose of renewal and rejuvenation.

Harvest at the right time

The rose picking season is from late April to early June. The process of rose from bud formation to full opening can be divided into six stages: bud emergence stage, middle bud stage, full bud stage, petal beginning to bloom stage, half-open stage and full-open stage. For medicinal use, rose flowers must be picked when the buds are fully expanded and the petals have not yet cracked, that is, the buds are full; for extracting rose essential oil, they should be picked when they are half-open and in a cup shape, that is, when the flowers are half-open. The best time for picking is 5-8 in the morning.