How to grow peanuts?

Peanut is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Arachis in the leguminous family. It is a high-quality edible oil variety, very popular in the market and has high planting value. In recent years, as people pay more and more attention to health and wellness, peanuts, known as the "longevity fruit", have become very popular. So how to grow peanuts? Let’s take a look below.

1. Choose the variety

Choose high-yield peanut seeds , common high-yield peanut varieties, for example, the new peanut variety Yuhua 9719, is a new peanut variety bred by the Crop Science Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The highest yield per mu when planted in high-yield fields can reach more than 1,400 kilograms, while the average yield per mu in ordinary plots can reach more than 800 kilograms. The Yuhua 9719 peanut variety is a veritable high-yield peanut variety. The Luhua No. 9 peanut variety is a new peanut variety bred by the Shandong Peanut Research Institute. It has a wide adaptability. After planting in many places, it was found that the highest yield of Luhua No. 9 peanuts planted in high-yield fields is over 1,200 catties per mu, while the average yield of ordinary plots is 800 catties per mu. The highest yield per mu of Yuhua No. 22 peanuts is over 1,100 kilograms, and the yield per mu of ordinary fields is also over 600 kilograms. Therefore, choosing peanut varieties with super high yield potential is a major factor in achieving high peanut yields.

2. Land preparation and fertilization

Peanuts have relatively low requirements for fertilizers . Peanuts belong to the leguminous crop and have nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Therefore, when applying fertilizer, high-yield fields should pay attention to balancing the input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Generally, about 2,000 kg of base fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate, about 40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer , and about 60 kg of high-quality cake fertilizer are applied per mu of land. For slightly acidic soil, about 50 kg of quicklime can be used per mu of land to adjust the soil. Spread these fertilizers evenly in the field, then deep plow the land, prepare the soil and make ridges for sowing. Peanuts are not tolerant to waterlogging or drought, so it is best to cultivate them in ridges.

3. Early sowing at the right time

Peanuts have poor cold resistance, and sowing them too early can easily cause the peanut seeds to rot, affecting germination. Therefore, generally, when the soil is 5 to 10 centimeters thick and the ground temperature is stable at above 15 degrees, sowing can be carried out. The spring peanut sowing time avoids the local low temperature. Peanuts can be sown in shells 5 to 7 days earlier than seeds alone. This will increase the yield of peanuts and help increase the growth time of peanuts.

4. Seeding density

The peanut sowing density should generally reach about 12,000 to 13,000 basic seedlings per acre, with a row spacing of 30 cm, a plant spacing of about 16 cm, and two seeds per hole.

5. Do not plant in the same crop again

In order to increase the yield and quality of peanuts, try not to plant them repeatedly, because phosphorus, potassium, calcium and other elements are prone to deficiency during the process of repeated planting. In addition, the toxins contained in the land where peanuts are planted repeatedly increase, which leads to more serious occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Once peanuts are planted repeatedly and have more diseases, it may cause a production reduction of more than 20%. Reasonable crop rotation for 2 to 3 years will help increase peanut yields.

6. Clear the trees in time

After the peanuts emerge from the soil, you can clean up the soil around the peanut seedlings to allow the cotyledons of the peanuts to receive more light, thereby allowing the root system of the peanuts to develop better, the main roots to grow deeper, and the seedlings to be stronger. When clearing the plants, be careful not to knock off the cotyledons of the peanuts. The first tillage should be carried out about two weeks after clearing the plants to improve the drought resistance of peanuts.

7. Control the growth

Control vigorous growth and prevent lodging; vigorous growth of peanuts is more likely to cause lodging. Vigorous growing peanut seedlings will absorb a large amount of nutrients, resulting in excessive vegetative growth and inability to keep up with reproductive growth. The commonly chosen growth control agents include paclobutrazol, chlormequat, and chlormequat.

8. Prevent and control pests and diseases

Prevention and control of pests and diseases, especially underground pests , are very harmful to peanuts. Common underground pests include white grubs, mole crickets, cutworms, and wireworms; common above-ground pests include fall armyworms, aphids, etc. Peanut seeds can be coated with insecticide seed dressing agents, and during the growth period, they can also be sprayed with imidacloprid suspension, thiamethoxam suspension, chlorantraniliprole suspension, etc. to control pests.

9. Prevent fruit drop

When the plants turn yellow, the leaves at the top of the peanut vines become noticeably smaller, and the peanut shells at the bottom become hard, they can be harvested. Harvesting too late can easily cause the peanuts to fall, resulting in a decrease in peanut yield .

The above is an introduction to how to grow peanuts. Farmers can improve and perfect it according to actual conditions. Peanuts, as a common crop, are not only rich in nutritional value, but also relatively simple to grow.