How to grow winter peas

Peas are mostly planted in autumn, but a few are planted in spring. In winter, under low temperature conditions, peas can be planted as long as the surface soil is not frozen. Even if the seeds do not germinate, they can pass the vernalization stage and emerge when the temperature is suitable for germination in spring. This sowing method is called "seed sending". Let's talk about the planting method of overwintering peas.

1. Choose the variety

Pea varieties are divided into long-vine, short-vine and no-vine varieties. Those with early maturity and a short growing period are mostly short-vine or no-vine varieties. Therefore, it is better to choose short-vine or vineless varieties in winter, and not late-maturing varieties.

2. Loosen and fertilize the soil

Late-planted peas are cropped late, so the land should be plowed and fertilized just like autumn planting. Land preparation and fertilization should not be neglected just because it is late. Sowing in winter is already dozens of days later than sowing in autumn, which means the growing period is shorter by these days. Therefore, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer to lay a good nutrient foundation for the growth of peas in spring. Generally, 3 cubic meters of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer and 80 to 100 kilograms of low-nitrogen compound fertilizer are applied per mu. Peas have the ability to fix nitrogen, so nitrogen fertilizers do not need to be applied alone. After fertilizing, the soil should be deeply plowed and harrowed to make it fine and free of clods, which is conducive to sowing.

3. Sowing

Choose a sunny day at noon for sowing. There are several points to pay attention to when sowing. First, increase the sowing amount. Because it takes some time for the seeds to emerge, some seeds may be lost. In addition, the peas are planted late, and the branches are reduced. More main stems and vines are needed to form pods to increase the yield. This requires increasing the sowing amount, which can be increased by about 15% of the normal sowing amount in autumn. Second, the sowing depth is slightly deeper, up to 4 cm. Third, direct seeding of dry seeds does not require seed treatment, and must not be germinated or sown to avoid freezing the young shoots to death. Fourth, do not sow in wet areas; it is better to sow in dry soil.

4. Post-year management

1. Intertillage: After the seedlings emerge in spring, when the seedlings have three leaves and before the ridges are closed, hoe the ground 2 to 3 times to loosen the soil and remove weeds to increase the ground temperature and promote root growth. It also has the effect of controlling the vigorous growth of the plants. The first time you hoe the ground, the deeper the deeper the soil will be, about 8 cm between rows.

2. Fertilizer and water management: For plots with sufficient base fertilizer, apply 20 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu when branching to promote branching and more flowering. Generally, peas do not need to be watered. During the pod-setting period, if there is drought, you can water them lightly to keep the soil moist. Do not flood them with large amounts of water to prevent root rot or disease.

3. Disease and pest control

① Root rot: The disease can occur from seedlings to mature plants, and is more common during the flowering period. It mainly harms the roots or base of the stems. The leaves of the diseased plants turn yellow first, and then gradually spread to the middle and upper parts, causing the entire plant to turn yellow and wither. The main and lateral roots turn dark brown or earthy red, and the nodules and root hairs are significantly reduced. In mild cases, the plant will become dwarfed, the stems will be thin, and the leaves and branches will wilt or wither. The pathogen spreads through soil, diseased tissues and seeds, invades through the seed coat and lateral roots, and can easily be confused with wilt. The disease is generally more severe in drought years.

Prevention and control methods: Seed dressing with pesticides: Dressing seeds with 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate at 0.25% of the seed weight, or dressing seeds with 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 0.2% of the seed weight, both have certain effects.

②Brown spot disease: mainly harms leaves, stems and pods. The infected leaves appear as irregular lavender spots. Under high temperature and high humidity conditions, the spots spread rapidly and cover the entire leaf. The diseased leaves then turn yellow, twist and die. Some appear as dark brown irregular ring patterns, with small black spots in the central necrosis. The cause of the disease is that the bacteria mainly overwinters on seeds and spreads through wind and rain. The disease is prone to occur if the seeds are sown too early or the plants are damaged by low temperatures or if the soil is too sticky or the humidity is too high, or if nitrogen fertilizer is applied excessively or the plants grow too vigorously.

Chemical control: In the early stage of the disease, spray 800 times diluted 50% benomyl wettable powder suspension, 500 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 600 times diluted 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder once every 7 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row.

③ Powdery mildew: In the early stage of the disease, the leaf surface appears as small light yellow spots, which expand into irregular powdery spots. In severe cases, both sides of the leaves are covered with a layer of white powder, and finally turn yellow and die. In the later stage of the disease, the pink spots turn gray and many small black spots grow.

Prevention and control measures: In the early stage of the disease, spray 2000-3000 times diluted 25% triadimefon wettable powder, or 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, or 500 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 0.2-0.3 degree Baume lime sulfur mixture for prevention and control. Spray once every 10 to 20 days, spray 2 to 3 times in a row

The main insect pests are leaf miners and aphids: when they occur, they can be killed by spraying with avermectin, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, and cypermethrin.

Peas can be planted in low temperatures in winter. Choosing early-maturing varieties and applying sufficient base fertilizer will help them grow in spring. When sowing, pay attention to increasing the sowing amount, sowing depth and avoiding sowing in wet land. Later management includes tillage, fertilizer and water management, and pest and disease control.