How to grow peanuts to achieve high yield?

If the peanut plants grow thin and weak, it will be difficult to obtain abundant yields. On the contrary, if the plants grow too fast and too vigorously, it will not be conducive to increasing yield. During the flowering, needle-falling and pod-setting stages of peanuts, if the field humidity is not suitable, or the soil is too moist or dry, it will be difficult for the fruit needles to enter the soil and pod normally, or the pod-setting rate will be low. In addition, if the water and fertilizer management is improper, or there is a serious attack of pests and diseases, these factors may cause the peanuts to fail to successfully achieve the goal of high yield. So how to grow peanuts to get high yield?

1. Seed preparation before sowing

Before sowing, you should choose a sunny morning to dry the seeds in their shells. Spread the seeds to a thickness of about 10 cm and turn them over every 1 to 2 hours. Continue drying the seeds for 2 to 3 days. The best time to shell the seeds is 10 to 15 days before sowing. After shelling, select first- or second-grade large grains with large and uniform kernels, full grains, good color, and no mechanical damage as seeds, and eliminate third-grade small grains.

2. Soil cultivation and improvement

Because peanuts have a well-developed root system and they bloom above ground and bear fruit underground, they require a deep soil layer with a loose upper layer and a compact lower layer. It is suitable to carry out deep plowing before winter or early spring. For clay soil, an appropriate amount of fine sand can be added to improve the air permeability of the soil. For plots with thick sandy soil, 10 to 15 cm thick clay should be pressed on the bottom of the plow during deep plowing to retain moisture and fertilizer .

3. Ridge fertilization and soil fertility cultivation

In the early stages of peanut growth, the number of root nodules is small and the nitrogen fixation ability is weak. In the middle and late stages, the fruit needles have already entered the soil. At this time, the effect of fertilization is not good, so it is crucial to apply sufficient base fertilizer. Usually, sufficient base fertilizer is applied at one time during tillage and land preparation before sowing to meet the fertilizer needs of peanuts throughout their entire growth cycle.

If conditions permit, more farmyard manure should be applied. For medium-yield fields, 2,000 to 3,000 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure, 30 to 40 kilograms of 45% compound fertilizer and 1 kilogram of boron fertilizer can be applied per mu; for high-yield fields, 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms of farmyard manure, 40 to 50 kilograms of 45% compound fertilizer, and 1 to 1.5 kilograms of boron fertilizer can be applied per mu. Note that it is not recommended to apply seed fertilizer to peanuts, especially when boron fertilizer is used as base fertilizer. It is strictly forbidden to apply it directly into the sowing furrow to prevent burning of seeds and seedlings.

4. Timely sowing and full seedlings

When the ground temperature in the 5 cm soil layer is stabilized at 12°C, sowing can be carried out half a month earlier than bare land cultivation, generally between April 20 and May 5. Use large ridges and double rows for sowing, keep the hole distance at 16 to 18 cm, sow 8,000 to 10,000 holes per mu, sow 2 seeds in each hole, and the sowing depth is 3 to 4 cm.

5. Field Management

In the early stage of peanut growth (seedling stage), management should be strengthened to ensure good development of the root system, prevent and control pests and diseases, and promote early growth of seedlings.

In the middle stage (from flowering needles to fruiting period), the main task is to control the growth of branches and leaves above the ground and promote the development of underground fruit needles and young fruits.

The later stage (maturity stage) is the stage when the pods are swelling and the seed kernels are filling. In terms of management, we should focus on drought resistance and waterlogging drainage to prevent fruit rot, control pests to protect the fruit, and prevent diseases to keep the leaves healthy, thereby promoting full fruit.

VI. Pest and disease control

Peanut leaf spot : Before flowering, spray the following low-toxic fungicides , or use 70% mancozeb wettable powder 70 to 80 grams per mu, diluted 400 to 600 times, or use 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 70 to 100 grams per mu, diluted 1000 to 1500 times, choose any one of them for spraying.

Flower rust: In the early stage of the disease, use 100 to 125 grams of 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder per mu and mix it with 60 to 75 kilograms of water for spraying. Or use Bordeaux mixture prepared with copper sulfate, quicklime and water in the ratio of 1:2:200 for spraying. When the disease is serious, two fungicides can be used alternately, spraying once every 8 to 10 days.

Peanut root rot: Avoid using peanuts that have been piled up as seeds. After drying the seeds before sowing, mix the seeds with 500 to 1000 grams of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for every 100 kilograms of seeds.

White grubs: In July, use 1000 times diluted 50% phoxim or 90% trichlorfon for root irrigation.

Peanut aphid: Use 10 to 18 grams of 50% anti-aphid wettable powder per mu, add water to make a 2000 to 2500 times solution; or use 50 ml of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate and add 60 kg of water to make a 1000 to 1500 times solution for spraying.

The above is an introduction to the key points of peanut planting techniques. When referring to it, you need to consider your own actual situation. Peanut planting is not difficult. If you master the right methods, you can achieve high yields.