High-yield rice planting technology

As one of the important food crops, rice has a very large planting area. Rice is mainly grown in tropical and subtropical regions and requires sufficient water and higher temperatures. Rice has a high demand for water and is usually grown in paddy fields , but there are also upland rice varieties that can be grown in dry land . Let’s learn about high-yield rice cultivation techniques below.

1. Prepare seeds and seedling trays

For early rice, each acre of land requires 1.5 to 2 kilograms of hybrid rice seeds or 2.5 to 3 kilograms of traditional rice seeds; late rice requires about 1.5 kilograms of hybrid rice seeds or 2.5 kilograms of traditional rice seeds.

When sowing early rice, about 33 7-inch seedling trays should be prepared per acre of field; late rice requires about 30 seedling trays of the same size.

2. Seed treatment

Before sowing, air the seeds for 1 to 2 days; then, use 2000 to 3000 times diluted 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate (i.e. 2 ml of the drug is added to 5 kg of water, and 4 to 5 kg of seeds are soaked) to soak the seeds for 12 hours, then germinate them at room temperature, and sow them after the seeds turn white.

Alternatively, before sowing, use 31.9% imidacloprid•tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent at a ratio of 600 to 900 ml per 100 kg of seeds to coat the seeds, and then sow them to prevent diseases and pests during the seedling stage.

3. Prepare the seedling board

It is recommended to centrally raise seedlings and ensure that the ratio of seedling fields to main fields is 1:80 to 1:100. 10 to 15 days before sowing, carefully make the seedling board with a width of 1.4 to 1.5 meters, a seedling ditch width of 0.3 to 0.4 meters, and a depth of 0.15 meters. Ensure that the board surface is flat and smooth, and the height difference of the field does not exceed 1 centimeter. After the seedling board is made, it is dried in the sun for 5 days to make it solid.

4. Prepare nutrient soil

It is recommended to use special rice seedling substrate.

Note: Use according to product instructions. If the seedling medium already contains the required fertilizers , it is recommended not to add other materials, such as seedling strengthening agents, to avoid affecting the growth of the seedlings.

5. Planting seeds

The day before sowing, the nursery field should be filled with water and the water should be drained quickly after the seedling boards have fully absorbed moisture; or water can be sprayed directly with a spray bottle before sowing to ensure that the soil moisture content reaches 85% to 95% when sowing.

Spread the bed soil evenly to a thickness of about 2.0 cm and make the surface flat. When sowing, the seeds should be sown in batches and evenly. After sowing, cover the seeds with soil evenly, with a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 cm. If conditions permit, assembly line operations can be adopted to improve sowing quality.

The size of the seedling block should be controlled according to the size of the hard disk or floppy disk; the thickness of the seedling block can be controlled manually or mechanically. Too thin or too thick soil will affect the growth of seedlings and the uniformity of seedling removal.

6. Rice field management

(1) Water management

After sowing the early rice, keep the soil in the bed moist and not turn white. Fill the ditches with water in sunny weather, drain them on rainy days, and fill the ditches with water when applying fertilizers or spraying pesticides. Supplement water before removing the film, drain the water 2 to 3 days before transplanting, and control humidity and harden the seedlings.

After sowing late rice, keep the seedling board moist. While ensuring that the nutrient soil does not crack, maintain flat ditch water. When the temperature is high, it is also necessary to irrigate with running water to keep the center of the seedling board moist. If the seedlings grow too fast or are too old, spray 60 to 80 grams of 15% paclobutrazol per mu at the 2-leaf stage. Spray sufficient water once 3 to 4 days before machine transplanting to facilitate cutting and transplanting of seedlings.

(2) Fertilizer management

Machine-transplanted seedlings generally do not require fertilization, but in special circumstances, fertilizer may be applied as appropriate. For seedlings with faded leaf color, you can apply fertilizer once 3 to 5 days before transplanting. Use 4 to 5 kg of compound fertilizer and 500 kg of water per mu and sprinkle it in the evening. After application, sprinkle clean water to wash the seedlings to prevent damage to the seedlings.

(3) Disease and pest control

During the early rice seedling stage, focus on preventing and controlling damping-off disease. You can use 500 to 1000 times diluted 75% dichlorodiphenylmethane soluble powder or 500 times diluted 25% metalaxyl wettable powder for spraying. Apply the "wedding medicine" 2 to 3 days before transplanting the seedlings, that is, use 30 ml of 20% chlorfenapyr suspension plus 60 g of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder per mu, and spray it on the leaves with 30 kg of water to prevent the first generation of rice borer and rice leaf blight.

For mid- and late-season rice, focus on preventing and controlling rice thrips, rice stem borers, etc. Apply "wedding medicine" 2 to 3 days before transplanting the seedlings, using the same medicine as early rice.

7. Machine plug-in technology

Uneven land must be leveled multiple times to ensure that there are no hidden ditches or potholes in the field, and that the height difference and flatness of the field meet the standards.

For leveling of large-area fields, laser land leveling technology can be considered for dry leveling. If the conditions are not available temporarily, for fields with large height differences, large fields should be separated into smaller ones to achieve the quality standards of dry land preparation within a relative range.

8. Control of seedling age

In East China, the seedling age of early rice is generally around 30 days, and that of late rice is around 18 to 20 days.

9. Machine plug quality

It is required that the seedlings do not float or fall after machine transplanting, the planting depth is 1.5 to 2 cm, the seedling injury rate is less than 4%, the missed planting rate is less than 5%, and the floating seedling rate is less than 3%. For areas with more than three consecutive missing holes or where machinery cannot operate, artificial seedling replacement should be carried out in a timely manner.

10. Post-planting management techniques

10.1 Fertilizer application

Target yield: 550 kilograms of early rice; 550 to 600 kilograms of late rice.

For early rice, apply 10 to 12 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, 5 to 6 kg/mu of phosphorus (P2O5), and 8 to 10 kg/mu of potassium (K2O).

For late rice, apply 12 to 14 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, 6 to 7 kg/mu of phosphorus (P2O5), and 10 to 12 kg/mu of potassium (K2O).

2 kg of nitrogen is required for every 100 kg, and the nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 2:1:1.8 to 2.0.

Ear fertilizer is applied according to leaf color. For early rice fields with faded leaf color, apply 4 to 5 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium chloride per 667 square meters. For rice fields where the leaf color fade is not obvious or the leaf color is darker, the amount of ear fertilizer can be reduced or not applied as appropriate.

10.2 Slurry Management

After machine transplanting, apply shallow water to protect the seedlings. After the plants grow alive, expose them to the field for 2 to 3 days. Then irrigate frequently with shallow water to promote early growth. When the total number of seedlings reaches 80% of the predetermined number of ears, start to place them lightly in batches until they do not sink in the field, the leaf color fades, and the leaves stand upright. After the field is left idle and rewatered, keep the air dry and wet alternately. Maintain a shallow water layer during the heading and flowering stages. Alternate between dry and wet after all the ears are in. Cut off water 5 to 7 days before harvest.

10.3 Disease and Pest Control

Early rice: Control sheath blight and rice blast during the tillering stage; use mixed drugs to protect the ears in the early stage of heading, mainly to prevent sheath blight, rice blast, the second generation of rice leaf folder and striped stem borer, and pay attention to the control of rice planthoppers.

Late rice: Pay attention to the prevention and control of sheath blight, striped stem borer, and rice leaf folder from the tillering stage to the heading stage; take precautions against striped stem borer, rice leaf folder, rice planthopper, and rice false smut from the heading stage to the heading stage.

Rice blast: Spray 20 grams of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder or 50 ml of 40% rice blast-killing emulsifiable concentrate for prevention and control.

Sheath blight: Spray 70 to 100 ml of 3.5% hexaconazole EC, or 60 ml of 5% hexaconazole EC, or 30 ml of 30% benzoyl propiconazole EC with 50 kg of water per mu.

Rice false smut: Use 10 ml of 25% myclobutanil suspension, or 20 ml of 24% cypermethrin suspension, or 20 ml of 24% thiophanate-methyl suspension per mu for prevention and control during the rice grain bursting period.

Chilo suppressalis: Use 100 ml of 40% chlorpyrifos EC, or 200 ml of 20% triazophos EC, or 80 ml of 1% avermectin benzoate EC, or 75 ml of 1.8% avermectin EC, or 15 ml of 20% chlorfenapyr suspension, or 30 ml of 10% abamectin (Rice Teng) per mu, and spray it with 50 kg of water for control.

Rice leaf roller: spray 60 to 80 ml of 16% avermitilis EC, or 100 ml of 3.2% avermitilis EC, or 15 ml of 20% chlorfenapyr suspension with 50 kg of water per mu.

Rice planthoppers: Use 20 grams of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 10 grams of 50% pymetrozine water dispersible granules, or 2 grams of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules, or 30 grams of 25% cypermethrin powder, or 175 milliliters of 20% isoprocarb emulsifiable concentrate, or 30 milliliters of 10% nitenpyram aqueous solution per mu, and spray it with 50 kilograms of water for control.

11. Harvest at the right time

Early rice should be harvested when it is 85% to 90% mature, and late rice should be harvested when it is 90% to 95% mature. In order to reduce machine harvesting losses, you should choose a harvester with excellent performance and operate at medium or low gear when there is no dew or water droplets on the leaves.

The above is a summary of the high-yield rice planting techniques. When referring to and learning from them, you need to consider the local planting methods and climatic conditions.