How to grow ginger to get high yield?

Ginger has strong adaptability and can be found grown in a wide range of areas in my country. It is a crop with important economic value. Although some farmers mentioned that the yield of ginger they grew was not high, in fact, growing ginger is not complicated. As long as you follow some basic growing principles, you can reap a bountiful harvest of ginger. So how can we grow ginger to achieve high yield?

1. Choose the right land

The land for planting ginger should be selected from the land that was previously used for rice, peanuts, sweet potatoes or newly reclaimed land, facing south, with loose and fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation. The most suitable land is one with warm climate all year round, cool summer, short sunshine hours and sandy soil rich in humus.

2. Select high-quality varieties and process seed ginger

Before choosing, make sure that the ginger plants in the previous season are healthy and that there is no "ginger plague". High-quality seed ginger should be oval in shape, with short and strong internodes, bright in color, and free from diseases and insect pests.

The middle-aged and old fresh ginger harvested during the "Winter Solstice" season is suitable as ginger seed for the following spring. During the 2 to 3 month storage period, good insulation storage is required, which can be done by sealing the cave or covering it with sand. Before sowing, air the ginger seeds for 24 to 48 hours to reduce moisture, kill pathogens, enhance water absorption capacity, and promote germination. Before planting, soak the ginger seeds in 0.7% Bordeaux liquid for 10 minutes to effectively kill the "ginger plague" bacteria.

3. Strengthen ginger garden management

(1) Early land preparation

In the winter of the year before planting ginger, the soil should be deeply plowed and dried. Before sowing, the bed should be carefully prepared. Generally, the bed is 1 meter wide and 0.2 meters high, and sowing furrows are opened horizontally on the bed surface.

(2) Sowing seeds at the right time and planting at a reasonable density

According to local climatic conditions, the best time to plant ginger is from the Spring Equinox to the Qingming Festival. In high-altitude mountainous areas, sowing can be delayed to the Grain Rain season.

The sowing specifications are usually 0.4 to 0.45 meters in row spacing and 0.25 meters in plant spacing. About 225 kilograms of ginger need to be planted per acre, and the number of ginger blocks sown is 3,500 to 4,000 pieces, with each piece of ginger weighing between 5 and 10 grams.

(3) Reasonable fertilization

Apply sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer , in combination with long-term and short-term chemical fertilizers. Base fertilizer usually accounts for 40% of the total fertilizer application. Before sowing, 15 kg of imported compound fertilizer and 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be applied per mu as deep base fertilizer. After sowing, it is best to cover the seeds with high-quality soil and fertilizer, dry cow dung or mushroom soil. If conditions permit, cover the soil with straw after sowing to keep it moist, prevent weeds and promote growth.

On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing should be applied in small amounts and multiple times, with a reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Light fertilizer is mainly used in the seedling stage, and the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately increased in the middle and late stages when ginger is rapidly expanding. There are two important periods for fertilization in the growth process of ginger. The first is from the grandchild stage to the fourth stage, which is the peak period of fertilizer absorption in the life of ginger, which is around June. The second is between August and September, when the climate turns cooler and the temperature difference between day and night is large. This is a critical period for the rapid expansion of ginger pieces. The amount of fertilizer should be increased on rainy days. These two key fertilizations should use imported compound fertilizers plus urea. In case of drought, watering can be used for fertilization.

(4) Scientific irrigation

The soil of ginger needs to be kept moist throughout the growth period, avoiding being too dry or too wet. After sowing, keep the soil surface relatively dry to increase soil temperature and promote germination. The soil must not be dry from the time the seedlings emerge to before harvest, especially during the peak growth period of ginger from July to September. If there is dry weather, irrigation should be carried out in time. Irrigation can be carried out in the morning or evening, or combined with fertilization or irrigation, but the water depth should not exceed the height of the underground stems. Rotational irrigation and series irrigation should be avoided, especially in areas where "ginger plague" occurs, to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, during the entire growing period, especially in spring, good ditch clearing and drainage work should be done.

(5) Timely weeding and soiling

After ginger is planted, when about 5% to 10% of the ginger buds in the field are above the soil surface, chemical herbicides should be used for spraying on a sunny day. Using 450 to 600 milliliters of glyphosate and 50 to 60 kilograms of water per acre can effectively control weeds and save labor and costs. In the middle and late stages of ginger growth, weeding should be carried out in combination with soil cultivation.

(6) Strengthen pest and disease control

Pests and diseases that affect ginger include ginger blight, stripe borer, leaf blight and stripe flea beetle. The prevention and control work should be based on agricultural measures, adhere to prevention as the main approach, and adopt comprehensive prevention and control.

"Ginger plague" is the biggest threat to high and stable yields of ginger. It is a bacterial disease. The pathogen overwinters in the soil and rhizomes and can survive for more than two years. It is mainly spread through irrigation water and underground pests. The disease spreads widely, develops rapidly, and causes serious harm. It may occur from the germination of ginger to the harvest of ginger, and is especially common in high temperature, heavy rain, and waterlogged fields.

Measures to prevent and control "ginger plague" mainly include using disease-free ginger, choosing well-drained plots, disinfecting ginger, practicing high ridge cultivation, paying attention to soiling and shading, increasing the application of potassium fertilizer, and practicing crop rotation. At the same time, strengthen the inspection of ginger gardens, dig out and burn diseased plants in time, and disinfect the ginger holes with lime; pay attention to strengthening water management to prevent the spread of pathogens through water, and spray with Bordeaux mixture or mancozeb 3 to 4 times during the entire growing period.

During the period when the "strip borer" occurs, 90% dichlorvos plus cypermethrin can be used for prevention and control.

"Leaf blight" can be prevented and controlled with "Frost-killing" in the early stages.

4. Provide adequate shade

To facilitate summering and increase yield. Ginger prefers shade and cannot tolerate strong sunlight, and scattered light is most conducive to its growth. The high temperature and strong light in summer are not conducive to the summering of ginger, so shade coverage is very important, especially in low-altitude plain areas where the temperature is high and the sunshine is strong and long, and more attention should be paid. You can plant corn shoots and other crops along the edges of the ridges, or build a shade shed. The shed is 1.5 meters high and melons are planted there, with vines covering the roof to provide shade. At the same time, straw is covered between the ginger rows to increase soil moisture.

The above is an introduction to the key points of ginger cultivation. In addition, during the ginger cultivation process, foliar fertilization, such as auxin, micro-fertilizer and other effective measures can be adopted to promote the healthy growth of ginger.