How to propagate chrysanthemum

1. Cuttings.

Cuttings are divided into bud cuttings, young branch cuttings, leaf bud cuttings and bud cuttings.

(1) Bud cuttings are made by taking bud cuttings from the outside of the plant in late autumn or early winter. Take the buds that sprout around the plant, and the buds should be full and plump. After the buds are selected, keep the cuttings 5 ​​CM - 7 CM, and insert them into the seedbeds or pots in the greenhouse and shed at a spacing of 3 CM × 4 CM or 4 CM × 5 CM. The cutting depth should not exceed 3 CM. If it is too deep, it will rot easily. Maintain the room temperature at 7-8℃ and transplant outdoors after the spring warms up the following year.

(2) Softwood cuttings: This method is the most widely used and is usually carried out in April. Cut softwood cuttings 8 CM-10 CM long as cuttings and carefully manage them after cutting. At 18-21℃, most varieties can take root in about 20 days and can be transplanted and potted in 30 days. The seedbed medium can be garden soil with 1/3 rice husk ash. On high beds, you can use reed mats, reed curtains or 60% shade nets to provide shade. Be careful not to make the soil too wet to avoid root rot and seedling death.

(3) When propagating rare varieties by axillary bud cuttings, in order to save propagation materials, leaves with axillary buds are cut from the branches for cuttings. Insert the base of the petiole into the potting soil so that the top of the axillary bud is level with the surface of the potting soil. After planting, place it in a shaded room for maintenance and increase the surrounding humidity.

(4) When chrysanthemums with buds bloom in autumn, if there are no foot buds at the base of the plant, you can choose a side branch with flower buds 6-9 cm long below the flower, pick it and insert it in a pot to overwinter. Transplant it into the ground when the spring is warm the following year. When it grows to 30-40 cm high, pinch the top to stimulate the formation of foot buds, and then cut it for propagation by cuttings. This not only preserves the variety, but also maintains the variety's excellent characteristics, and makes the flowers more beautiful and larger, without any degeneration or deterioration.

2. Propagation by division.

The method of propagation by division is to dig up the mother plant of chrysanthemum, separate the branches with roots according to their natural shape, plant them separately, water them thoroughly after planting, water them appropriately afterwards, apply fertilizer after two weeks, and carry out normal maintenance. This method is easy to operate and has reliable survival. It has been used in my country in the past. The so-called "three-point and four-point head" means that the plants are divided in March of the lunar calendar, and the tips can be pinched and maintained in April after survival. This method is often used in the cultivation of large upright chrysanthemums and hanging rock chrysanthemums. This method is also often used for the parents of hybrid breeding in order to make them bloom early for hybridization and to receive seeds early. However, due to the early division time, the lower leaves are prone to wither early, and the flowers also deteriorate, and it is not as good as the cutting method in terms of the reproduction of seedlings in large quantities. Therefore, it is rarely used except for the cultivation of large upright chrysanthemums.

3. Grafting propagation.

Grafting propagation is the process of grafting chrysanthemum branches onto the rootstock of Artemisia plants. The purpose is to utilize the developed root system of Artemisia plants to absorb sufficient nutrients for the chrysanthemum plants to grow strong and bloom beautifully. At the same time, Artemisia plants are easier to manage because their roots are highly resistant to adversity. However, when using Artemisia root as rootstock to graft chrysanthemum, it is generally not used as the mother plant for seed preservation. If you want the chrysanthemum to bloom big and beautifully and also want to use it as the mother plant for seeds after flowering, you must use the grafting and potting method. When the flowers are half-open, cut off the wormwood stems under the pot. This is because the stems of the chrysanthemum in the pot are also full of roots. After cutting off the wormwood stems, the chrysanthemum stems in the pot can still produce buds and keep seeds.

4. Propagation by layering.

Layering propagation is to bend the branches of chrysanthemum and bury them in the soil, exposing the branches. Use a knife to cut the bark below the buried stem node to stimulate rooting. After rooting, cut it from the top of the buried soil and plant it to form a new plant. This method is often used to maintain the characteristics of the bud mutation part.

5. Tissue culture.

Flower tissue culture (abbreviated as tissue culture) is a new technology that emerged in the 1960s and was first successful in the mass reproduction of orchids. The use of tissue culture for rapid in vitro propagation of chrysanthemum is a new technology. In the past decade or so, my country has successfully regenerated plants from the leaves, stem tips, stem segments, petals and buds of chrysanthemum.