Plant reproduction

1. Plant Classification

Plants are mainly divided into four categories: algae, mosses, ferns and seed plants. Algae have no differentiation of roots, stems and leaves, mosses have differentiation of roots and leaves, ferns have differentiation of roots, stems and leaves, and seed plants can be divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms. Seed plants have differentiation of roots, stems and leaves. Different plant types have different structures and thus different methods of reproduction.

2. Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction refers to a method of reproduction in which there is no union of male and female reproductive cells. In a sense, it is a replication, and there is no difference between parents and offspring. Asexual reproduction is further divided into budding reproduction and vegetative reproduction. Among them, ferns all reproduce asexually by spores. After the plants mature, they develop into new individuals through the spores of their reproductive cells, and can completely maintain the shape of the previous generation. The reproduction method of algae is fission reproduction in asexual reproduction, which is the mother body splitting into two new individuals. This can preserve the characteristics and is meaningless to biological evolution.

3. Sexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction refers to the reproductive method in which male and female germ cells combine to develop into a new individual. This reproductive method can maintain the characteristics of the parents and is of great significance to biological evolution. After the plant blooms, the pollen in the anther falls onto the stigma of the pistil, germinates on the stigma, and forms two pollen tubes. The pollen splits into two sperms, which combine with the egg cell to form a fertilized egg. The fertilized egg develops into an embryo, and the fertilized polar nuclei form the endosperm.