What fertilizer content is best for growing peanuts to achieve high yields (what fertilizer is needed for growing peanuts)

What fertilizer is best for peanuts?

Peanuts are suitable for growing in sandy soil with a pH of 6.5-7.5, an organic matter content greater than 1%, and moderate rainfall.

Spring peanut sowing is imminent. Farmers who are preparing to plant peanuts may wish to stop their busy pace and spend 5 minutes to listen to @农村火虫 talk about scientific fertilization of peanuts. He will teach you how to apply 3 fertilizers skillfully to grow high-quality and high-yield peanuts.

1. Apply base fertilizer skillfully to lay a solid foundation for high-quality and high-yield peanuts.

Peanuts have the highest demand for nitrogen during the entire growing period. According to calculations based on scientific fertilization, for every 100 kg of peanuts produced by a peanut field planted by farmers , the peanut plants need to be supplied with 4 to 6 kg of nitrogen, 0.53 to 1.33 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 1 to 2 kg of potassium oxide .

Peanuts are different from general crops. The demand for fertilizer during the flowering and needle-setting period accounts for 23% to 40.5% of the entire growing period , and the demand for fertilizer increases further after the subsequent fruiting.

The fertilizer requirement during the peanut pod growth period may even account for 41.9% to 4.4% of the total fertilizer requirement during the entire growth period , while the fertilizer demand of peanuts in the seedling stage only accounts for about 5% of the entire growth period.

Nevertheless, since applying top dressing once the peanuts have bloomed will affect the results, it is necessary to apply more base fertilizer to the peanuts before sowing and reduce top dressing to prevent fertilizer deficiency in the later stage, so as to lay a solid foundation for high-quality and high-yield peanuts.

The results of experimental investigations by relevant scientific research departments in the northern peanut production area show that for peanut fields with average soil fertility, 1,500 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manure is generally needed before sowing to produce 150 kilograms of peanut pods.

In addition, it is necessary to apply 5 to 7 kilograms of high-quality potassium fertilizer and 15 to 10 kilograms of superphosphate per mu to basically meet the supply requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the three elements of peanuts throughout the entire growth period.

It is best to mix superphosphate with farmyard manure in advance and ferment them together, while the effect of applying potassium fertilizer by digging furrows and applying along ridges will be better than broadcasting it.

2. Skillfully apply calcium, boron, and molybdenum trace element fertilizers to promote high quality and high yield

The rational application of trace elements such as calcium, boron and molybdenum to peanuts is also of decisive significance in ensuring high quality and high yield of peanuts.

There is a saying on the Internet that applying cement to peanuts can increase the yield of peanuts. The reason why this saying makes sense is that it actually utilizes the calcium element in the mineral components of cement.

When farmers plant peanuts regularly, if the soil is acidic, they can consider applying 50 kg of lime per acre before sowing. On the one hand, it improves the soil, and on the other hand, it provides the necessary calcium nutrition for the healthy growth of peanuts.

Peanut farmers who want to know the pH level of their peanut fields can measure it themselves in advance in a simple way.

The specific method is : take 1 part of field soil, put it in the bottom of a bowl and add 2.5 parts of distilled water, stir it thoroughly with a glass rod for 1 minute, and after it becomes clear, immerse litmus paper in the clear liquid. After the test paper changes color, immediately compare it with the PH standard colorimetric card to make a judgment.

Boron fertilizer can correct boron deficiency in peanut fields and prevent peanuts from blooming and producing few fruits or producing too many single fruits.

The yellow-brown soil, yellow tidal soil, loess soil, brown soil, and black loam soil in the northern flower-producing areas and the red soil, brick red soil, red soil, yellow soil, purple soil, and calcareous soil in the southern flower-producing areas are relatively deficient in boron.

If boron fertilizer is properly supplemented, peanut production can generally increase by about 8.7%. Experiments in Shandong peanut production areas have shown that the yield increase rate of boron application is as high as 15.8%. After boron application, the peanut field in the experimental area increased the yield of peanut pods by 43.3 kg per mu.

To apply boron to peanuts, you can use 0.5 kg of borax per mu as base fertilizer before sowing and mix it thoroughly with other fertilizers before applying them together. You can also spray 0.2% borax solution on the leaves when the peanuts grow to the beginning of flowering period.

The function of molybdenum is to prevent delayed maturity of peanuts, barren pods, and molybdenum deficiency, which affects the normal growth of the plant.

The loess and yellow soil in the northern peanut production areas and the red soil, red soil and brick red soil in the southern peanut production areas are relatively deficient in molybdenum. Reasonable supplementation of molybdenum fertilizer is also effective in increasing peanut yields.

An experiment on applying molybdenum to peanuts conducted by the scientific research department of Hubei Province confirmed that peanut fields that applied molybdenum reasonably had an average yield increase of 21.1%.

When applying molybdenum fertilizer to peanuts, you can use 0.1%~0.2% ammonium molybdate to mix the peanut seeds to be sown before sowing. The specific amount of fertilizer used when mixing the seeds is 0.2%~0.3% of the weight of the peanut seeds.

If the peanut seeds are not mixed when sowing, you can also spray the plants with 0.1% - 0.2% ammonium molybdate solution after the peanuts bloom.

3. Cleverly apply nitrogen fertilizer to prevent nitrogen denitrification in the later stage and promote high quality and high yield.

The soil properties and fertility may vary depending on where peanuts are grown.

Given that peanuts have a greater demand for nitrogen throughout their entire growth period, nitrogen is also an important nutrient essential for chlorophyll formation, increasing photosynthesis intensity, increasing carbohydrates, and increasing peanut pod yield.

If nitrogen removal is carried out in the later stage, it is bound to cause premature aging of the peanut plants, incomplete pods and grains, which will inevitably affect the yield in the end.

When the soil in the peanut field is nitrogen-deficient, it is necessary to consider supplementing the peanut plants with nitrogen fertilizer in advance during the peak period of flower bud differentiation about 10 days before the plants bloom, before they bear needles and fruits, to prevent subsequent denitrification.

When applying top dressing, ammonium sulfate needs to be applied to alkaline soils, while lime nitrogen should be applied to acidic soils in accordance with the "Technical Guidelines for Spring Peanut Production in 2021".

In this way, we can better regulate the acidity and alkalinity and physical and chemical properties of the soil in the peanut cultivation area on the basis of supplementing nitrogen fertilizer for peanuts, help the peanuts grow better, and make high yield and high quality within reach.

【 Summarize 】

Peanuts need to be given enough base fertilizer, with a reasonable mix of nutrients and high fertilizer utilization. For acidic soils, calcium-containing alkaline fertilizers such as superphosphate or calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizers can be added.

If it is a continuous cropping field, lime nitrogen and biological fertilizer can be added; if it is a soil with low fertility and a stubble field, peanut rhizobium fertilizer can be added.