High-quality and high-yield potato cultivation technology

Potatoes, also known as potatoes, are both food crops and vegetables with relatively complete nutritional components. Potatoes are commonly cultivated in China. The higher the yield of potatoes planted, the higher the economic benefits. Let's talk about the high-quality and high-yield potato cultivation technology .

1. Deep ploughing and land preparation

Before planting potatoes, you need to choose the soil properly. Due to the drought resistance of potatoes, dry land with open terrain and loose soil is the best choice for potatoes. Potatoes should not be planted in the same crop repeatedly, but should be rotated, with bean and corn stubble being the best. After the last harvest before harvest, the sowing workers should plow and remove the stubble in time, preferably to a depth of 30 cm.

2. Formula fertilization

To speed up the development of potato roots, sufficient fertilizer must be applied at one time. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer , combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Generally, 2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-25 kg of urea, 50 kg of superphosphate, 30-40 kg of granular potassium sulfate, 1.5 kg of manganese sulfate, and 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate (must be dried) are applied per mu. It is recommended to deeply apply organic fertilizer in combination with autumn plowing. Chemical fertilizers can be applied deep in the middle of the ridge bottom during sowing to prevent fertilizer burn.

3. Breeding of improved varieties

Since the type of potato has a great influence on its growth and yield, it is necessary to select high-yield, disease-resistant potatoes that are suitable for local growing conditions as seed potatoes to ensure high yields. There are many varieties of potatoes in Gansu Province, such as Longshu No. 3, Longshu No. 5, Longshu No. 6, etc. The Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture generally uses Linshu No. 17, which has high yield, plump appearance, and good resistance to stress. It has high yield and good quality.

4. Germination before sowing

Potatoes are sown in spring. The temperature in Linxia Prefecture is relatively low in spring, so directly sowing potatoes will have a certain impact on seed germination. The survival rate of potatoes that have been germinated from seeds will be increased by about 15%. Therefore, the seed potatoes need to be germinated. During the germination process, the chopped seed potatoes should not be too large, otherwise it will affect the yield of the seed potatoes. Usually the seed potatoes are 10 to 20 grams. After cutting, they should be disinfected and sterilized with drugs to reduce the survival probability of pathogens. After the seeds germinate, they grow to 2~3 cm and are best for sowing.

5. Reasonable planting

When the outdoor temperature is about 13℃ and the temperature in the soil is 10℃ and gradually stabilizes, you can start sowing seeds, usually more than 20 days before frost. In addition, farmers should note that too high a density of seed potatoes will result in insufficient nutrient supply in the soil and slow growth of potato tubers. The usual sowing rate of seed potatoes is 150 kg per mu.

6. Field Management

In potato production, field management is a key link. Due to pests, nutritional deficiencies and other reasons, yields may decrease. Therefore, field management should be strengthened: ① Check and supplement seedlings, and strictly remove weeds; ② Pay attention to inter-cultivation and soil cultivation and topdressing; ③ Pay attention to reasonable irrigation and timely waterlogging prevention; ④ Pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and pests.

In summary, the use of seed potato cultivation technology can increase potato yield. On this basis, seed germination and scattered light irradiation can improve the vitality of germination, and soil can be cultivated before germination to delay the time of seed potato sowing, reduce the possibility of pathogen growth, and promote root growth. Therefore, when faced with the problem of increasing potato production, it can be solved through seed potato cultivation technology.