Bean planting technology and management technology

In southern China, the area of ​​bean cultivation is quite extensive, and a variety of high-yield, high-quality and highly adaptable bean varieties have been successfully cultivated. The main beans grown in the southern region are climbing beans. The flower stalks of these beans usually only produce two pods, each containing 16 to 22 seeds. Mature beans can reach 30 to 70 cm in length. Beans prefer warm climates and are sensitive to low temperatures. When the temperature drops below 10 degrees Celsius, their growth will be inhibited. On the basis of scientific fertilization, reasonable temperature control will help the beans grow healthily. Let’s learn about the planting and management techniques of beans .

1. Bean varieties

There are many varieties of beans on the market, and each variety has different sowing time, flavor characteristics and nutritional value. Therefore, when planting beans, you must first identify the variety of beans and then choose the appropriate planting strategy based on the specific variety. Beans grown as vegetables are mainly divided into two types: long beans and dwarf beans.

Cowpea is popular for its high yield and excellent taste, and its vines can extend to 3 to 5 meters. Common long cowpea varieties include Red-billed Swallow, Longan Seven-leaf, Guangzhou Dayeqing, etc., and Zhijiang 28-2 is the main cultivated variety, with a yield of 1,750 to 2,000 kilograms per 667 square meters. In contrast, dwarf cowpea is mostly used as a substitute food. Since its seeds do not swell, its yield is lower, but its quality is higher, so it also has good sales in the market.

2. Land preparation and fertilization

The root system of beans is deep, with the taproot reaching 60 to 80 centimeters into the soil, while the fibrous roots are mainly concentrated on the 14 to 20 centimeters soil surface. Since the growth of rhizobia is not as good as other legume vegetables, the amount of basal fertilizer needs to be increased during the planting process. The usual formula for base fertilizer is 2,500 to 4,000 kg of miscellaneous soil fertilizer per 667 square meters, 15 to 20 kg of superphosphate per 667 square meters, and 100 to 150 kg of wood ash per 667 square meters. These fertilizers should be applied together during land preparation.

3. Sowing and seedling raising

Beans can be cultivated in spring, summer and autumn, and the season and light conditions should be considered when choosing varieties. Varieties suitable for sowing in spring and summer include Zhijiang 28-2, Wuyuexian, and Red-billed Swallow. These varieties do not have high requirements for temperature and light and are suitable for widespread planting. Varieties such as Zhejiang 512 and August Cow have higher requirements for sunlight and are more suitable for cultivation in autumn. After determining the variety, the sowing time should be reasonably arranged according to the bean variety. The sowing time of high-quality beans is mostly concentrated in spring and autumn. Spring sowing requires an average temperature above 15 degrees Celsius, while autumn sowing requires the temperature during the pod-setting period to be no lower than 25 degrees Celsius.

4. Field management

(1) Fertilizer and water management

The amount of fertilizer applied during the bean seedling stage needs to be strictly controlled. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer will cause excessive growth of bean branches and vines, affecting pod setting. During the flowering period, the amount of fertilizer should be increased to ensure that the beans are full and increase the yield. For example, the fertilization strategy for spring cowpea in different growth stages is: apply human manure water 1 to 2 times in the seedling and vine stage, with a concentration of 10% to 20%; apply human manure water heavily in the initial flowering stage, with a dosage of 1,500 to 2,000 kilograms per 667 square meters; continue to apply human manure water during the harvest period, once every 4 to 5 days, for a total of 3 to 4 times. When there is a lot of rain in spring, reduce the amount of irrigation. When it is hot and dry in summer and autumn, fertilize and irrigate at the same time.

(2) Pest and disease management

During the growth process, beans may be affected by a variety of diseases and pests. These diseases and pests will appear at different growth stages and affect the quality and yield of beans. Therefore, it is necessary to manage them scientifically and rationally according to the characteristics and occurrence periods of different diseases and pests. For example, aphids mainly occur in the seedling stage, and can be controlled by using 40% concentration of dimethoate; in the early stage of coal mold disease, 1000 times solution of 50% concentration of carbendazim can be sprayed; for cowpea rust, 1000 times solution of 70% concentration of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder can be diluted and sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, for a total of 2 to 3 times.

In general, mastering comprehensive bean cultivation techniques can not only significantly improve the yield and quality of beans, but also help farmers increase their income and achieve higher economic value.