Potted grape planting method

Environmental requirements

temperature

The tolerance of grapes to low temperatures varies among different populations and organs. For example, the buds of Eurasian species and European-American hybrids can tolerate temperatures as low as -3 to -4 °C during germination; young stems and leaves will suffer frost damage at -1 °C, and inflorescences at 0 °C. During the dormant period, the winter buds of mature new shoots of Eurasian varieties can tolerate -16 ℃ to -17 ℃, while perennial old vines will suffer frost damage at -20 ℃. The root system has weak cold resistance. The roots of Eurasian varieties such as Longan, Rose Fragrance, and Queen of the Vineyard will suffer mild frost damage at -4 ℃ to -5 ℃, and will be frozen to death after about two days at -6 ℃. In the northern region, using Northeast Mountain Grape or Beda Grape as rootstock can improve the root system's resistance to cold. Its root system can withstand low temperatures of -16 ℃ and -11 ℃ respectively, and the critical lethal temperature is -18 ℃ and -14 ℃ respectively, which can reduce the thickness of the soil for winter cold protection.

illumination

Grapes are light-loving plants with high requirements for light. The length of light hours has a great impact on grape growth, development, yield and quality. When there is insufficient light, the new shoots grow weak, the leaves are thin and light in color, the fruit clusters are small, there are many flowers and fruits falling, the yield is low, the quality is poor, and the winter buds are poorly differentiated. Therefore, when planting, you are required to choose a place with good light, and pay attention to ventilation and lighting.

Moisture

Grapes have different water requirements in different phenological stages. During the early spring budding, new shoot growth, and young fruit enlargement periods, sufficient water supply is required. Generally, water is applied once every 7-10 days to keep the soil moisture content at around 70% . It is better for the soil moisture content to reach about 60% around the berry ripening period. However, if there is too much rainfall, you must pay attention to timely drainage to avoid excessive humidity that affects the quality of the berries and makes diseases more likely to occur. If there is too little rain, water should be irrigated every 10 days or so. Otherwise, the fruits will crack easily after a long drought, causing economic losses.

soil

Grapes are highly adaptable to soil and can be grown in all types of soil except swamps and heavy saline-alkali soils, with fertile sandy loam being the most suitable. Different soils have different effects on the growth, development and quality of grapes. If the local soil quality is poor, you can choose professional culture soil for planting.

Planting and management

Seedling raising and planting

The plant is often propagated by cuttings, which are made by cutting one-year-old branches that are thick and have full buds. Use single or double buds to cut into cuttings about 5-15cm long, and plant them in pots in February at a distance of 15cm × 50cm . However, areas with hot climates can choose to graft the plants onto more resistant rootstocks.

Fertilizer and water management

Grapes require a lot of nutrients, with nitrogen fertilizer being the main fertilizer in the early stages, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increasing accordingly after entering the fruiting period. Top dressing is applied before shade buds, before flowering and during the fruit expansion period. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the early stage to promote the growth of branches and vines and the development of flower spikes. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added during the fruit expansion period to improve quality. Foliar fertilization with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can promote fruit enlargement and ripening.

Plastic pruning

When the grapes grow for a period of time and the vines spread, it is recommended to build a rack or wrap them outdoors to facilitate ventilation and light, and reduce the burns of leaves and fruits from diseases and ground radiation. Or pruning the grape vines. Try not to prune during the growing season to avoid cutting off the buds and affecting the growth of the grapes. Pruning is usually done in winter after the leaves fall. Leave 8-12 nodes on long shoots, 5-7 nodes on medium shoots, and 3-1 nodes on short shoots. Appropriate pruning can also be done during the summer budding period, removing excess inflorescences before flowering, keeping the large ones and removing the small ones, keeping the strong ones and removing the weak ones.