How to propagate jujube trees?

There are many varieties of jujube trees, and their fruits have high medicinal and edible value. As one of the main fruit trees in my country, it is deeply loved by people and has a very broad planting prospect. So how to propagate jujube trees? Let’s take a look below.

1. Grafting

There are two main types of grafting, namely branch grafting (branch grafting mostly uses subcutaneous grafting) and wood bud grafting. The key points of grafting technology can be summarized in six words: "fresh", the scion must not lose water and remain fresh. "Flat", the cut surface of the scion should be flat. "Accurate", the cambium of the rootstock and scion must be aligned. "Tight", tie it tightly after connecting. “Fast” means the operation speed should be fast. "Wet": After grafting, cover with a plastic bag or bury in soil to maintain humidity. Water the rootstock nursery 5-7 days before grafting to make it easier to separate from the bark.

2. Root removal

It is best to choose self-rooted plants of excellent varieties for propagation. Before germination, dig a trench about 50cm deep and 30-40cm wide around the crown, cut off all roots with a diameter of less than 2cm, and apply organic fertilizer in the trench where the roots are cut off. During the growing season of jujube trees, root suckers often emerge. In the spring of the following year, the root suckers can be dug out, treated with ABT rooting powder or other hormones, cultivated into strong seedlings, and returned to the nursery for planting.

3. Root cutting

Root cuttings are usually carried out in late autumn every year. Roots are collected from healthy jujube trees in conjunction with autumn ploughing, cut into root spikes with a diameter of 1-4 cm and a length of 20-30 cm, and stored in sand in an underground kiln. Wait until the spring of next year to dig trenches for seedling cultivation, insert the root spikes into the trench at a 45° angle, leaving 2 cm exposed above the ground, and water them in time after insertion. The root spikes should be covered with plastic film and treated with rooting hormones to achieve better results.

4. Tissue Culture

1. As of 2008, Gansu Province has achieved results in group seedling cultivation. The scientific research promotion departments of the Horticulture Department of Gansu Agricultural University in Wuwei, Jingtai, Jiuquan and other places have already possessed the technology, equipment and conditions for production group seedling cultivation.

2. Through the analysis and research on several factors of rapid in vitro propagation of jujube, the most suitable explants for rapid in vitro propagation were selected - young shoots and stems hydroponically grown in early spring. The initial culture medium was a solid-liquid two-phase culture of H94+IBA0.1 mg/L+NG15 mg/L solid culture medium plus H66 nutrient solution. The subculture medium was H66+NG20 mg/L+IBA0.1 mg/L. The subculture lasted for 30 days and the average proliferation coefficient was 4. The rooting medium was H94+NG3-8 mg/L+IAB0.1 mg/L, and the rooting rate was 90%. After culturing in the tissue culture room for 20 days, place it in a solar greenhouse for another 10 days, then open the bottle stopper to harden the seedlings for 3-4 days, and transplant them using the Qinghe sand transition transplanting method, with a survival rate of up to 96%.

3. When the test tube seedlings grow on the rooting medium for about 20 days, that is, when the seedling height reaches 4-6cm and has more than 3 roots, they should be cultured in a solar greenhouse for 10 days, open the bottle cork to harden the seedlings for 3-4 days, and then transplanted to a disinfected seedbed (the seedbed method is the same as the green branch cutting seedbed method in the experimental method), with a transplant depth of 3cm, and the survival rate can be as high as 96%.

4. It is often easier to survive when using tissue culture seedling roots as cutting materials. Due to the harsh conditions of field cuttings, the length must be 15-20cm and the thickness must reach more than 1cm. Therefore, even if rooting agents are used, the rooting rate is very low.

5. Cutting

The standard is that the holes in the sand bed do not collapse, and the sand bed should be wet before transplanting. When cuttings, dip the cuttings in slurry while making holes in the sand bed with a small wooden stick to avoid reducing the medicinal properties and squeezing the liquid medicine out of the hole walls. The diameter of the hole should be larger than the diameter of the cuttings after dipping in slurry. The cuttings should not be too deep, otherwise it will easily cause base rot. The depth should be about 3 cm. It should not be too shallow, otherwise the roots will be easily exposed after rooting and the cuttings will easily fall over. After cuttings, the holes should be squeezed tightly so that the cuttings and river sand are closely combined.

That’s it