New technology for freshwater culture of Penaeus vannamei

The whiteleg shrimp is a euryhaline tropical shrimp that can grow in a salinity of 0-35‰. Therefore, it can be farmed in both marine and freshwater . So what is the new technology for farming whiteleg shrimp in freshwater? Let’s learn more about it below.

1. Pond construction

Pond conditions: Choose a place with sufficient water source, good water quality, convenient water inlet and outlet, watertight embankment, and sandy loam geology. The area should be between 1,000 square meters and 10,000 square meters, with a water depth of 1.2 meters to 2.0 meters. The pond environment and water quality should comply with the provisions of NY536. When building a pond, pay attention to the reasonable arrangement of water inlet/outlet equipment, escape prevention equipment, oxygenation equipment, etc.

2. Pond cleaning and disinfection

After the shrimps and fish are harvested, the pond is exposed to the sun and desilted for no less than 30 days, and then the bottom of the pond is leveled. Then, 15 to 20 days before stocking, the breeding pond needs to be thoroughly disinfected. The dry pond can be disinfected with quicklime at a dosage of 50 kg/mu to 100 kg/mu, and then sprayed throughout the pond after it has been turned into slurry.

3. Inject fresh water

After the pond is cleaned and disinfected, fresh water should be injected. When the depth reaches about 60 centimeters, 150 kilograms of fermented chicken manure should be added to each acre of pond to improve the basic fertility. Afterwards, within 5 days of releasing the shrimp fry, use organic matter to cultivate the water, probiotics, etc. to significantly increase the content of nitrite and ammonia nitrogen in the water.

4. Shrimp seedlings release

Release healthy shrimp fry that have passed strict quarantine requirements. The shrimp fry are larger, more energetic, eat more, grow faster, and can effectively resist the invasion of pathogens, ensuring the survival rate of breeding. The most suitable time for release is April to May, and it is advisable to choose a sunny morning and the release location should be in the upwind direction. And pay attention to controlling the stocking density within an appropriate range. Generally, between 750,000 and 1 million fish are stocked per hectare.

5. Feeding

When feeding, you must master the "four fixed" principles. Generally, feed four times a day half a month after stocking. The daily feed amount is 5 eggs, 0.2 kg of peanut bran, 0.75 kg of small fish, and 0.3 kg of small shrimp feed for every 10,000 shrimp seedlings. After half a month, feed three times a day, mainly compound feed , the feeding amount is 30-40% of the shrimp body weight, and natural bait is appropriately supplemented.

6. Water quality management

Add water in the early stage, and change the water appropriately in the middle and late stages depending on the water quality. At the beginning, add 5 cm every day until the water depth reaches 1.2 meters. After 2 months of cultivation, add water to 1.5 meters. At the same time, according to the water color and transparency, timely topdressing and water changes should be made to improve the water quality. Apply quicklime at a rate of 15-20 kg/mu regularly to kill bacteria, increase calcium, adjust the pH value of the pond water, and promote the molting and growth of shrimp.

In general, after the improvement of the species of whiteleg shrimp, freshwater farming has been achieved in China, and the country has gotten rid of its dependence on seawater. However, there are many technical points that require attention. If you want to achieve high yields, you should master them well.