How to improve the survival rate of fruit tree grafting?

In the field of horticulture and agriculture, fruit tree grafting is an ancient and important technology that not only helps to improve varieties and enhance the fruit tree's resistance to diseases and pests, but also accelerates the growth cycle of fruit trees and improves fruit yield and quality. However, the slightest carelessness during the grafting process may lead to a decrease in the survival rate. So how to improve the survival rate of fruit tree grafting? Let’s take a look below.

1. Adequate preparation before grafting

1. Selection of rootstock and scion

Rootstock: Selecting a rootstock that is healthy, free of pests and diseases, has a well-developed root system, and is adapted to local climatic conditions is the first step to success. The stress resistance of the rootstock directly affects its growth after grafting, so it needs to be carefully selected according to the purpose of grafting (such as increasing yield, enhancing stress resistance, etc.).

Scion: The scion should come from a good variety, with strong branches, full buds, and no diseases or insect pests. It is best to collect it during the dormant period and properly store it in a cool and humid environment to maintain its vitality.

2. Tool preparation and disinfection

Prepare sharp grafting knives, scissors , saws and other tools to ensure smooth incisions and reduce tissue damage.

Thoroughly disinfect all tools with alcohol or potassium permanganate solution to prevent the spread of germs.

3. Environmental Preparation

Before grafting, make sure the grafting site is clean and well ventilated, and avoid grafting on rainy or windy days to reduce the risk of wound infection.

2. Choose the right time for grafting

The best time to graft varies by tree species, but it is usually done in the spring when the sap begins to flow but before buds appear, as this is when the grafting survival rate is highest. Some tree species are also suitable for grafting in autumn, but they should avoid low temperature and frost periods.

Pay close attention to the local weather forecast and choose continuous sunny weather for grafting to facilitate wound healing.

3. Flexible application of grafting methods

1. Bud grafting

Suitable for fruit trees with thin and soft branches, such as apples , pears, etc. Select full buds as scions, embed the buds into the rootstock through a "T"-shaped incision or a shield-shaped incision, and tie them in place.

2. Branch grafting

It includes various methods such as cleft grafting, cut grafting, and belly grafting, and is suitable for thicker branches. In cleft grafting, the rootstock is split and the trimmed scion is inserted so that the cambium layers of the two are aligned; in cut grafting, the rootstock is cut at an angle and the inclined surface of the scion is aligned with it.

3. Root connection

Mainly used for cultivating seedlings or improving root systems. Grafting the scion directly onto the root of the rootstock is suitable for certain specific tree species or special needs.

4. Careful management after grafting

1. Timely unbinding and removal of cuteness

When the scion starts to grow and is confirmed to be alive, the binding should be removed in time to avoid affecting its growth. At the same time, remove the suckers on the rootstock so that nutrients are concentrated on the scion.

2. Water and nutrient management

Keep the soil moist, but avoid standing water. According to the growth of the tree, apply thin fertilizer in time to promote the growth of new shoots.

3. Pest and disease control

Check the grafted area and the entire tree regularly, and take timely measures to prevent and control diseases and insect pests if found. Biological control, physical control or chemical control can be used to ensure the health of the tree.

4. Keep warm

For newly grafted saplings, especially those grafted in early spring or late autumn, measures such as covering with straw and building wind barriers should be taken to prevent low temperature damage.

5. Plastic surgery

As the tree grows, timely shaping and pruning should be carried out to cultivate a good tree shape, improve the utilization rate of light energy, and promote the improvement of fruit yield and quality.

That’s it