Grape cultivation technology

Grapes are popular for their sweet and sour taste and rich vitamins. Regular consumption is beneficial to health and is also an important way for many fruit farmers to increase their income. Cold-resistant varieties are suitable for planting in the north, while varieties with strong adaptability should be selected in the south. Let’s learn about grape cultivation and planting techniques together.

1. Grape shaping and pruning

During the budding stage, remove excess weak buds in time to reduce nutrient consumption; when the fruiting branches can be identified, determine the tops and adjust according to the characteristics of the variety. Pinch off the leaves in time before flowering to reduce nutrient loss, increase fruit set rate, and retain inflorescence according to expected yield; after harvest, cut off old, weak and diseased leaves to reduce nutrient consumption, improve light, and promote fruiting next year.

2. Fertilizing grapes

Spring and autumn are the peak growth periods for grapes, and fertilizers need to be applied in time to ensure adequate nutrition. Apply nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers every 15-20 days to promote growth and increase fruiting. During the flowering and fruiting period (April-May), grapes have a high demand for nutrients and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied once every 10-15 days, in combination with phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace elements.

3. Grape trellis

Choose the right material before erecting the frame. Durable steel supports and economical wooden stake supports are both options. The scaffolding methods include trellises and sheds, using cement columns about 2.5 meters high, with a distance of about 6 meters between columns, fixed with wire.

4. Grape picking

When the seedlings grow to 1 meter, pinch off the top and remove the lateral shoots below 30 cm. Leave 1-2 leaves on the upper lateral shoots and pinch off the top. Leave 4-5 leaves on the thick lateral shoots. When the main shoot grows to 1.5 meters, pinch it again. Repeated pinching will promote seedling growth and flower bud differentiation.

5. Pest and disease control

The disease of green stink bug can be controlled by using avermectin benzoate, and the recommended spraying time is between 10 am and 3 pm. In the early stage of powdery mildew, spray with 1000 times diluted methyl thiophanate wettable powder , and spray lime sulfur mixture in winter for prevention.

When downy mildew is mild, use 400-600 times diluted Kaishuang for spraying, once every 4-8 days; when it is severe, increase the concentration to 100-300 times, once every 3 days.

6. Winter pruning

During winter pruning, cut at the mature part (0.8~1 cm in diameter), and cut the side shoots short when the thickness is 0.5 cm, leaving 1~2 buds to serve as the mother branches for fruiting next year. Remove fallen leaves, dead branches, weeds, and cut off branches that are infected with the virus.

7. Cover grapes with soil to protect them from cold

After pruning, press the plant down and cover it with soil. Dig trenches along the direction of branch extension, press the branches into the trenches and cover with soil. It can be divided into base burial and tip burial. The base burying method is suitable for areas where the winter temperature is above -10℃ and the humidity is high. The plants do not need to be pruned or taken off the shelves in winter.

In short, grapes are highly adaptable, easy to manage, high yielding, rich in nutrients, widely used, and have significant economic benefits. With the growth of market demand and the adjustment of rural industrial structure, the grape industry has broad development prospects.