Planting methods and techniques of edamame (how to plant and manage edamame to achieve high value and yield)

Edamame is a food that many people like, and it is also a crop with relatively good planting benefits in recent years. If you want to increase the yield of edamame, you need to do the following.

Edamame planting period

The sowing period of edamame varies depending on the cultivation purpose and variety. Edamame in the Yangtze River Basin can be divided into early edamame and medium and late edamame. Early edamame can be further divided into early-maturing cultivation and ordinary cultivation.

Early cultivation

Cold beds are generally used for seedling cultivation from late February to early March, transplanting is done in late March, and the young pods are harvested in June and July. April White and May White are used, while May White or May Black are used for direct seeding in early to mid-April.

Mid-late cultivation

Summer-planted mid-maturing varieties are sown directly from late April to mid-May, and harvested in July-August. June White or June Yellow are used .

The late-maturing autumn cultivation is sown directly in June and July, and harvested in late September and October. In South China, autumn sowing can be postponed to July and August, and harvested in September and November. For example, August White and Hangzhou Five-spice Edamame .

In the southern region, early, mid- and late-maturing varieties are selected and matched according to the characteristics of different varieties, so that production can be achieved in spring, summer and autumn to extend the supply period .

In order to ensure a balanced supply of edamame to the market, timely sowing must be carried out and harvested in batches to improve economic efficiency.

As for how many batches to divide the seeds into and how long the sowing interval should be, it can be flexibly controlled and scientifically arranged depending on the planting area, product market volume, market sales trends, and production and marketing capabilities.

Edamame Variety Selection

Edamame varieties are mainly classified by their growth period: long-growth-period edamame can reach more than 100 days, while short-growth-period edamame is only 50-60 days. Therefore, varieties should be selected according to the cultivation season.

Whenever possible, choose short-growing varieties with full grains, strong cold resistance, wide adaptability, which can be cultivated early or late, are glutinous in quality, easy to cook and crispy, and have relatively high yields.

High-yield cultivation techniques and key points of edamame

1. Reasonable density planting:

Reasonable density planting plays an important role in increasing the number of pods, promoting full beans and improving yield.

The density is mainly related to the branching and spread of the plant. Early-maturing varieties have fewer branches and a compact plant shape. The general density is 40,000 to 50,000 plants per mu, and the row spacing is 20 cm × 20 cm.

The suitable number of plants per mu for medium-maturing varieties is 18,000 to 20,000, with a row spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. The suitable number of plants per mu for late-maturing varieties is 15,000 to 17,000, with a row spacing of 40 cm × 35 cm.

2. Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers:

Edamame needs a lot of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, so the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers has a significant effect on increasing the yield of edamame. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are generally used as base fertilizers, supplemented by topdressing. The base fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg of decomposed compost per mu, and 5 kg of macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer.

During the growth period, topdressing can be applied in time according to the growth situation. In the seedling stage, when rhizobia have not yet formed, 10% human manure can be applied once.

If the plant grows poorly before flowering, apply 10% to 20% human manure once, 50 to 75 kg of wood ash, and 5 to 10 kg of superphosphate to promote full pods.

In the later stage, 1% to 2% superphosphate extract can be used as foliar fertilizer. Insufficient potassium fertilizer will easily cause yellowing of leaves, so high potassium water-soluble fertilizer can be applied.

3. Pinching and topping:

Pinching can inhibit growth, prevent leggy growth, mature earlier, and increase yield. Experiments have shown that pinching can increase yield by 5% to 10% and mature 3 to 6 days earlier.

For varieties with limited growth types, pinching is generally done during the initial flowering period, while for varieties with unlimited growth types, pinching should be done after the peak flowering period.

4. Pest and disease control:

Pests of edamame include pod borer and soybean borer. Watering 1-2 times during the flowering and pod-setting period of edamame can kill the larvae that burrow into the soil to pupate. Before the larvae roll up the leaves and form pods, 1000 times diluted 40% dimethoate emulsion or 50% malathion emulsion can be sprayed for prevention and control.

The main disease of edamame is rust. To prevent and control rust, first select disease-free seeds or disinfect the seeds. Soak the seeds in 200 times formalin for 30 minutes, wash and dry them before sowing. Secondly, implement crop rotation to avoid repeated crops.

Finally, spray the pesticide at the early stage of the disease, twice at the seedling stage and 1-2 times at the pod-setting stage, with an interval of 5-7 days between each spray. The pesticide can be sprayed with 500 times dilution of 65% mancozeb wettable powder or 600 times dilution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder.

5. Harvesting:

Early-maturing varieties are usually put on the market early, that is, they can be harvested after entering the grain filling stage and can be sold at a good price. However, it should not be too early, otherwise the beans will be small, the marketability will be poor, the yield will be low, and the economic benefits will be affected.

Mid-late maturing varieties are generally harvested when the beans are full and the pods are still green, but not too late, otherwise the beans will be hard and the quality will be reduced. The whole plant can be harvested at once, or it can be harvested in 2 to 3 times. After harvesting, it should be placed in a cool place to keep it fresh.