Chrysanthemum cultivation methods and precautions

Chrysanthemums generally prefer mild climatic conditions. The most suitable growth temperature range is 18 to 22 degrees Celsius. The highest temperature they can withstand is 32 degrees Celsius, while the lowest temperature is not lower than 10 degrees Celsius. Chrysanthemums require that the soil be rich in humus, fertile, loose, and have good drainage properties. They grow best in sandy loam with a slightly acidic to neutral pH value. Let’s learn about the cultivation and breeding methods and precautions of chrysanthemums.

1. Breeding time

Cutting propagation of chrysanthemums is usually carried out in spring from April to June, with May being considered the best time.

2. Soil selection

Chrysanthemums prefer high-lying, well-drained, deep soil, and sandy loam that is rich in humus, loose and fertile is most suitable. They thrive in slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH of 6.2 to 6.7.

3. Humidity management

As a shallow-rooted plant, chrysanthemum requires an appropriate amount of water. It is drought-tolerant but does not like an overly humid environment. During heavy rain season, good drainage should be ensured to avoid water accumulation.

4. Temperature requirements

The most suitable temperature for chrysanthemum growth is about 20℃. They are highly adaptable and cold-resistant. The suitable temperature for their growth is between 18 and 21°C. They can tolerate a maximum of 32°C and a minimum of no less than 10°C. The minimum night temperature during the flowering period should be maintained at 17°C, while it can drop to 15 to 13°C in the middle and late flowering period.

5. Lighting requirements

Chrysanthemums are short-day plants, and shorter daylight hours help promote flowering.

6. Fertilization points

Apply sufficient base fertilizer when planting, and then apply nitrogen fertilizer every 10 days. From the beginning of autumn to the appearance of buds, apply fertilizer and water with moderate concentration once a week; after the flower buds are formed, apply concentrated fertilizer and water again, and then stop fertilizing. During the growth period, organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and topdressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace elements. In the middle and late stages of growth, use phosphorus and potassium fertilizers mainly, combined with special fertilizers for flowers , and use soil and foliar fertilizers.

7. Watering tips

Water less in spring and more in summer, and pay attention to increasing the humidity of the environment. Control water and fertilizer before the beginning of autumn, and increase the amount of watering before flowering. Strictly control watering in winter to avoid overhumidification. Use a watering can when watering, and avoid watering directly. Adjust watering amount and frequency according to season and weather.

8. Pruning method

When the plant grows to a certain height, start pinching the top to promote branching and control height and shape. When pruning, remove excess branches and retain 3 to 5 main branches. When buds appear, remove the lower buds and leave one top bud on each branch.

9. Replace potting soil

When repotting, first water with light fertilizer, prepare the flower pot and soil, gently knock out the soil, put it in the new pot, fill it with soil and water it thoroughly.

10. Reproduction method

Vegetative propagation includes cuttings, division, grafting, layering and tissue culture. Cuttings are divided into bud cuttings, softwood cuttings and leaf bud cuttings, and softwood cuttings are usually the main method. Division is carried out during the Qingming Festival, and grafting uses Artemisia annua or Artemisia annua as rootstock. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 25℃. If sown from February to April, the seeds will bloom in the same year.

11. Disease and pest control

Spot blight and wilt are controlled by removing diseased plants and spraying pesticides. Control pests such as aphids, thrips, etc. to keep chrysanthemums healthy.

In general, chrysanthemums like warmth and plenty of sunshine, are cold-resistant, and avoid shade and wind damage. Water appropriately to keep the soil moist and avoid excessive moisture or drought. Daily management includes rotating and pulling pots to ensure adequate light. Remove axillary buds and side buds in time to save nutrients and promote the hypertrophy of main buds. By controlling the sunshine time, flowering can be advanced or delayed to meet different viewing needs. By following these basic growing tips and precautions, you can ensure that your chrysanthemums grow healthily and produce beautiful flowers.