Pepper planting technology and management methods

Pepper, as a popular vegetable , is not only rich in vitamin C and capsaicin, but also has many beneficial effects on the human body. There are many varieties of peppers with strong adaptability. The planting areas are spread all over the country and the market demand is strong. Let's learn about pepper planting techniques and management methods.

1. Site selection

Choosing the right soil for growing peppers is the key to successful cultivation. The ideal soil should be fertile, deep sandy loam with good water and fertilizer retention capabilities. Avoid continuous cropping with crops that are prone to diseases and insect pests. Recommended previous crops are corn, beans and melons. Peppers are sensitive to temperature and need to be kept in the temperature range of 22℃-31℃ during germination. The seedling stage and flowering and fruiting stage have specific temperature requirements, and the suitable temperature is 25℃. Peppers like light, and appropriate light helps the seedlings grow healthily, but sunburn caused by excessive light should be avoided.

2. Fine Land Preparation

Land preparation is usually done in autumn and involves tilling , irrigation and deep plowing to ensure the soil is flat and finely broken. In spring, the soil is turned over again to remove debris, and the soil is leveled and compacted with mechanical operations. Fully decomposed farmyard manure and organic fertilizer are applied, and ridges are made. The row spacing is maintained at 60cm×70cm, the ridge width is 1.5-1.7m, and the height is 30cm.

3. Seed selection and seed treatment

Choose pepper varieties that are high-yielding, highly adaptable and commercially viable. Seed treatment includes selecting full seeds, soaking them in clean water for 30 minutes, removing shriveled and diseased seeds, and then disinfecting them with 1% copper solution or 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 10 minutes. After cleaning, soak the seeds in the solution for 8 hours, and finally clean them and wrap them with wet gauze for germination.

4. Seedling raising and sowing

The soaked seeds are germinated at 30℃ for 36 hours, and turned over regularly to ensure uniform germination. Sowing can be carried out after the germination rate reaches 95%. The nursery area should account for 1.5% of the field area. Before sowing, ensure that the seedbed is moist, irrigate with sufficient bottom water, and maintain good drainage and irrigation conditions. Peppers need sufficient water, nutrients and trace elements to grow.

5. Transplanting and Planting

Peppers have certain requirements for soil and nutritional conditions. Before planting, the soil needs to be turned over to a depth of 10 to 15 cm and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, such as 5000 kg of manure and 15 to 20 kg of superphosphate per mu. Early to mid-April is the suitable period for transplanting. Water the plants in time after transplanting to maintain an appropriate density and avoid overcrowding. Spraying the new lipid film can effectively prevent water evaporation, shorten the seedling period, and promote the healthy growth of peppers.

6. Water Management

During the growth process of peppers, they need to be watered five times: water thoroughly immediately after planting to ensure the survival rate. Water the seedlings 7 to 10 days after planting. Water the seedlings before they start flowering to increase the fruit setting rate. When the first layer of fruits grow to 2-3 cm, water them to make them swell. After pruning in the hot season, water the branches and apply 5 to 7.5 kg of urea. At other times, water flexibly according to soil conditions and follow the principle of "watering when soil is dry".

7. Fertilizer management

Pepper fertilizer management should be carried out according to different growth stages: the base fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer, such as decomposed animal manure or plant residues, to improve soil structure. Apply organic fertilizer and appropriate amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, such as urea, during the seedling stage to promote seedling growth. Apply decomposed human feces or urea when planting. In the middle and late stages of growth, trace elements and growth regulators such as alginate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be supplemented through foliar spraying.

8. Disease and Pest Control

Pepper blight: Use metalaxyl mancozeb, alum, fenpropimorph + thiophanate-methyl to spray for prevention and control.

Viral diseases: Use VirusBike spray.

Fusarium wilt: Use pentachloronitrobenzene + hydratromycin, guacamol + rice to irrigate the roots.

Gray mold: Use prochlorperazine and metalaxyl to spray for prevention and control, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 times in a row.

Anthracnose: When diseased plants are found, spray them with thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim immediately, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 times in a row.

Aphids: Use imidacloprid spray.

Underground pests: Use cypermethrin, cypermethrin, and trichlorfon for root irrigation control.

Borers and caterpillars: Use Kung Fu emulsion, Uranus emulsion, BT emulsion and other sprays for prevention and control in the early stage of flowering.

In summary, peppers are easily attacked by diseases and pests during cultivation. Farmers need to remove old diseased leaves in time, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and take timely prevention and control measures to improve the yield and quality of peppers. It is hoped that the above technologies and management methods can provide effective help to pepper growers.